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The Iran-related energy spike reduces the room for rate reductions in emerging markets

Oil prices spiked due to the war in Iran, and for now this has halted any monetary easing efforts by emerging market central bankers from Poland to Turkey. This is because policymakers are coping with an increase in inflation expectations as well as a rise in risk aversion.

After a series of shocks, from the COVID outbreak to Russia's invasion in?Ukraine, that have shook markets, slowed growth, and fueled inflation, central banks are finally becoming more optimistic about global economic resilience?and easing price pressures.

The dollar gained ground, and U.S. Treasury Yields rose as a proxy of borrowing costs in emerging markets.

The outlook for global economic growth and inflation in a period of geopolitical instability remains uncertain, even though some of these moves have been reversed.

Before the outbreak of the war in late February, ten out of fifteen major central banks in emerging markets were expected to lower policy rates in the following six months by at least ten basis points.

JPMorgan's calculations show that on Tuesday, this number was down to six. The amount of easing expected for those who are still expected to reduce rates has also been reduced.

"Central banks in emerging markets will likely signal an increasing 'wait and watch' approach pending resolution to the conflict related uncertainty with Iran," said Petar Athanasov. He is Co-Head, Sovereign Research and Strategy for Gramercy Funds Management.

Emerging Europe Shifts from Easing to Possible Tightening

Not only emerging markets. In the past week, bets on rate cuts for the U.S. Federal Reserve have been drastically reduced.

The shift is most apparent in emerging Europe where the market prices for the Czech Republic and Hungary, as well as Poland, indicate a possible tightening of the markets in the next six-month period.

In recent days, policymakers in Poland have admitted that the room to lower rates has shrunk. Their counterparts in Hungary and Czech Republic also acknowledged the risks and uncertainty reverberating out of the 'Iran conflict.

Juan Orts, CEEMEA Economist, Societe Generale, said that energy imports were a major factor.

He said that Poland and Hungary, for example (in Central and Eastern Europe), are very sensitive to the oil price.

A BALANCING STEP BETWEEN GROWTH PROBLEMS AND INFLATION RISKS

Analysts said that the uncertainty surrounding crude oil and the overall rise in energy prices are at the core of the global balancing act emerging markets face, as they must weigh the concerns about rising price pressures versus the impact on the growth.

James Lord, Global Director of FX Strategy and Emerging Markets at Morgan Stanley said: "It is a negative shock to growth." It's a tax on consumption and could lead central banks to tighten policy due to inflation risks.

Markets in Latin America have priced in less easing, but the central bank is still expected, due to anaemic economic growth, to cut rates. The central bank stopped an aggressive tightening process last July, and since then has kept the benchmark interest rate at 15% - the highest for nearly two decades.

Turkey is another flashpoint. As an energy importer, Turkey is highly susceptible to inflation pressures. The central bank will publish its rate announcement on Thursday.

Atanasov, of Gramercy, said: "We expect CBRT to respond by pausing their rate-cutting cycle in order to await further developments regarding the duration of the conflict as well as the economic ripple effects."

The Middle East conflict and its knock-on effect may cause central banks to pause or slow down rate cuts in the short term. However, the future is less clear.

In 2021-2022, as economies were still recovering from the pandemic, and suddenly facing shocks relating to the outbreaks of the Ukraine War, central banks in emerging markets were the first to raise rates and combat inflation pressures. Many of their counterparts in developed economies believed that the situation was temporary.

Lesetja Kganyago, South African Reserve Bank Governor, said that the central bankers' judgment on the impact of energy prices and inflationary fallouts will again be crucial.

He said that underestimating the?persistence of inflation could lead to a more aggressive and costly policy in the future. However, taking action early on would make it easier for policy makers to take smoother actions over time.

Kganyago stated that 2021/2022 was a lesson to be learned. "The central bankers who acted early discovered that they did not have to act aggressively... in one go, as was the case with the central banks which only reacted during the second half 2022."

(source: Reuters)