Latest News

Chile's copper king faces an acid shortage as China exports dry-up

China's exports to Chile of sulphuric acids sank to zero in March according to Chinese 'customs' data. The world's largest 'copper-producing nation' is now facing a shortage of the chemical that's used to refine around half of it.

China plans to ban exports of sulphuric acids from May, to avoid a shortage in its domestic market. This includes the fertilisers industry.

The shipment of acid to Chile has already stopped. It was the biggest market for China's acid exports in 2025, and it accounted for almost one-third.

Comparatively, China exported 31,870 tons of acid to Chile between February 2026, and 151 268 tons in March 2025.

The smelting of copper ore produces sulphuric acid. It is also used in the production of refined copper through a process called leaching.

HSBC reports that Chile imports 37% of its acid, which comes from China. HSBC reports that Chile relies on imports, 37% of which come from China.

The relationship between China's smelters and mining companies has been strained in recent times due to the fact that ore supply is tight, which means treatment charges (the fees paid for processing ore) are heavily in favour of the miners.

COPPER OUTPUT IS AT RISK

Alexis Urbani is a sulphuric-acid trader at Incotrade Chile.

This can have a direct impact on cathode production, particularly for operations that rely on lower-grade ore, which has a higher acid consumption.

Morgan Stanley stated in a report this month that the Chinese ban on acid exports could threaten Chile's annual production of 1.1 million tonnes of leached copper. This is more than half of Chile's refined output of about 2 million tonne and one fifth of its total copper-contained production of 5.5 millions tons.

The bank estimated that 20% of the acid used in Chilean copper leaching comes from China.

China's total sulphuric exports in March remained steady on a month-to-month basis at 143381 tons, with shipment to the Philippines, India, and Indonesia all increasing sharply.

Bold Baatar, a Rio Tinto co-owner and chief commercial officer of Chile's Escondida mine, said at a Wednesday conference that Chile is particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in supply.

He said that Chile was the most vulnerable country in terms of importing sulphuric acids, as it has the most copper leached.

(source: Reuters)