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U.S. sanctions hamper Russian efforts to fix refineries, sources state

When engineers at Russian oil company Lukoil found a turbine had broken at their biggest refinery on January 4, they rapidly understood the problem was far from unimportant.

There was just one company that understood how to repair the gasoline-producing system at the NORSI refinery, situated on the Volga River, some 430 km (270 miles) east of Moscow. The problem was that the business is American, according to 5 sources knowledgeable about the incident.

The firm, petroleum engineering international UOP, had withdrawn from Russia after the nation attacked Ukraine in February 2022.

They (the engineers) rushed around to find spare parts and they couldn't discover anything, said a source near Lukoil, who asked not to be named since he is not allowed to speak with the media. Then the whole system just stopped.

Four other sources stated the system - a catalytic cracker utilized to convert much heavier hydrocarbons into gas - has run out When it might be, production given that January and it was not clear repaired due to an absence of competence inside Russia. The KK-1 unit is one of just 2 catalytic crackers at the plant.

As a result, the NORSI refinery - the fourth-biggest in Russia - has cut gas production by 40%, according to 2 of the sources. Lukoil did not respond to ask for comment for this story.

The Lukoil refinery is an example of wider problems in Russia's energy sector where some oil firms are struggling in the face of Western sanctions to fix their refineries, constructed with the assistance of U.S. and European engineering companies, according to a minimum of 10 Russian market sources.

The problems have actually been exacerbated by Ukrainian drone attacks that have actually struck a minimum of a lots Russian refineries this year, the market sources said. The attacks required Russian refineries to shut in some 14% of capacity in the very first quarter, according to computations.

If the stream of drones continues at this rate and Russian air defences do not improve, Ukraine will be able to cut Russian refining runs quicker than Russian firms will be able to fix them, stated Sergey Vakulenko, an expert on Russia's energy industry and non-resident fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, an international affairs think tank.

Russia's top energy official, Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak, stated recently that the damaged NORSI facilities ought to resume operations within a month or 2, as Russian companies were working to produce the extra parts required.

He also said other Russian refineries have enhanced production after the drone attacks and there was no scarcity on the regional fuel market.

Russia's energy ministry did not respond to an ask for comment. Minister Nikolai Shulginov said on Wednesday all refineries would be repaired by June, without providing even more details.

The NORSI refinery, near the city of Nizhny Novgorod, has actually a. capability of 405,000 metric tons a month of fuel or 11% of. Russia's overall.

The existing interruption would cost Lukoil nearly $100 million in. lost profits a month, based upon an average Russian gasoline. cost of $587 per metric load, according to '. estimations.

Honeywell International Inc, the parent company for. UOP, said in a declaration to it had actually not offered any. devices, products, parts or services to the refinery at Nizhny. Novgorod considering that February 2022, nor to the independently-managed. Slavyansk ECO refinery.

The Slavyansk refinery was hit by a Ukrainian drone attack. on March 18 and ignited briefly.

We are actively working to recognize and interrupt any. possible diversion of our items into Russia via third. parties, Honeywell told by email. The business said it. abide by all suitable export license requirements,. sanctions laws and guidelines. The United States and its allies have actually enforced sanctions on. thousands of Russian targets because the invasion of Ukraine and. around 1,000 companies have revealed their departure from the. nation.

Russia's export-focused $2.2-trillion economy has actually proved. more resistant to 2 years of the unprecedented sanctions than. either Moscow or the West anticipated.

WAR OF ATTRITION

Western business such as UOP and Swiss engineering group. ABB have provided technology and software application to all the 40 biggest. refineries in Russia over the last twenty years, according to. more than 10 Russian market sources. Each refinery has a. mix of Russian and foreign equipment.

ABB validated to it stopped taking new orders in. Russia as soon as the war broke out in February 2022, and has no strategies. Once it has actually satisfied its existing, to return to Russia. legal responsibilities, a representative stated. The company did. not provide information of those commitments.

None of the 5 sources suggested the turbine failure in. January at NORSI was a result of drone attacks. But the sources. said the issues at the plant just worsened after NORSI was. When, hit for the first time by Ukrainian drones in February. other pieces of equipment were harmed, putting extra. pressure on the entire refinery.

As in the United States, the cost of gasoline is a. politically delicate subject in Russia and authorities try to. limit rate rises. Recent steps consisted of imposing a restriction on. gas exports for 6 months in February.

Ukraine states it assaults Russian refineries since it desires. to weaken the Kremlin's war machine by lowering state. revenues and cutting fuel to the army.

Drones are 10s, if not numerous times less expensive than the. expense of repair work, which is essential in a war of attrition, stated. Vakulenko, who was a former head of strategy at Russian energy. significant Gazprom Neft. He left the firm and Russia days after the. start of the Ukraine war.

Russia is the world's second-largest oil exporter. It has. rerouted the majority of its crude and items exports to Asia and. Africa considering that Western countries imposed sanctions on Moscow.

Ought to Moscow face a high decline in refinery output, it. would be forced to cut fuel exports in favour of crude,. according to more than 10 Russian oil traders.

Russia supplies crude to simply a couple of big purchasers, such as. China, India and Turkey, but its portfolio of fuels buyers is. relatively broader as it can deliver to smaller sized consumers. without big refining systems in Africa and South America.

Russia's refining market go back to the 1940s, when the. United States supplied devices under the lend-lease program. throughout World War 2.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian oil companies. invested tens of billions of dollars in upgrades with the aid. of companies such as UOP and ABB.

UOP assisted upgrade Norsi and Slavyansk ECO refineries. It. did not specify which other Russian refineries it has serviced,. in action to ' questions. The United States has imposed sanctions on business around the. world, consisting of in Turkey, to avoid the transfer of. technology to Russia.

Nations under Western sanctions such as Russia and Iran. have actually long managed to find loopholes to obtain extra parts for. Western-made equipment such as vehicles or airplanes.

Refining devices is much rarer and more specialized;. Western firms have tightened checks to prevent Russia from. importing extra parts through 3rd countries, one of the five. sources stated.

2 of the sources stated Lukoil had actually asked Chinese business. to repair the KK-1 system at Norsi. The sources didn't call the. Chinese business. Lukoil declined to comment when asked if it. had approached China.

China has actually got the technology. But really often it would indicate. a full expensive replacement of the unit instead of a regular,. cheap, routine repair work, among the sources stated.