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UN Biodiversity Treaty comes into force and aims to protect 30% oceans by 2030

On Saturday, a landmark global treaty to preserve biodiversity on the high seas went into effect. It provides countries with a legally-binding framework to tackle threats like overfishing and achieve a 30% target for the ocean environment by 2030.

After 15 years of negotiation, the U.N. Biodiversity beyond National Jurisdiction Treaty (BBNJ) was finalised in March of 2023. It will create a global "marine protection area" network in previously unregulated ocean ecologies in international waters.

At a press briefing, Adam McCarthy, the first assistant secretary of the Australian Foreign Ministry and co-chairman of the treaty’s preparatory comittee, said: "It is two-thirds (and) half of the surface of our planet, that will for the first have a comprehensive law regime."

On September 19, last year, the treaty had reached 60 national ratifications. This meant that it would?become officially operational within 120 days. Since then, the number of ratifications is now more than 80. China, Brazil, and Japan have added their names to the list.

Other countries, such as Britain and Australia, will likely follow suit soon. The United States signed the treaty under the previous administration, but have not yet ratified.

The High Seas Alliance is a coalition of environmental organizations. Director Rebecca Hubbard said, "While we only needed to reach 60 ratifications for the treaty to enter into effect, it's important for its implementation to be as efficient as possible and to have global or universal ratification."

We're really hoping that all UN member countries ratify this treaty.

The treaty requires that countries conduct environmental assessments on activities that impact ocean ecology. The treaty will also establish mechanisms that allow nations to share in the benefits of the "blue economic" including "marine genetic resource" used by industries like biotechnology.

Environmentalists claim that?more than 190,00 protected areas will be needed to achieve the "30 by 30-" goal of bringing 30% of oceans under formal protection by 2030. Only 8% of the oceans - 29 million square kilometers (11.2 million sq miles) – are protected.

The treaty has little effect on the one thing that conservationists consider to be the biggest threat to the marine environment: the desire to mine mineral resources from ocean beds.

McCarthy stated that "BBNJ has a lot of ambition, but it also has some limits."

The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is responsible for mining on the seabed or the substratum. The BBNJ has no role in this.

(source: Reuters)