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Hengli, China's silk-to-petrochemicals empire, faces the chill of US sanctions

Hengli Group has been thrust in the middle of a geopolitical struggle. The group, which was built over 30 years by a husband-and-wife team from a bankrupt cotton mill to a Fortune Global 500 company and one of China’s largest private oil refineries, is now a Fortune Global 500 firm and one of China’s largest private oil refiners.

The United States imposed sanctions on its Hengli Petrochemical unit, which operates a 400,000 barrel per day refinery in Dalian (in the north-east), for purchasing Iranian oil. This was denied by the group.

Hengli, along with about 40'shipping 'firms and vessels were blacklisted as Donald Trump and Xi Jinping met and Washington looked towards Beijing to press Tehran into accepting a deal that would end the conflict which began when the U.S. attacked Iran and Israel in February.

Hengli, the largest Chinese refiner sanctioned in the U.S.

Beijing, which had long opposed such unilateral actions, has rushed to defend it, invoking, for the first, a law from 2021 to prevent companies from complying with sanctions imposed by foreign countries.

Since reimposing sanctions against Tehran in 2018, Washington has targeted peripheral players, including small Chinese independent refining companies known as teapots. These are the main Iranian crude purchasers.

"Hengli's not a teapot refinery. "Hengli is not a teapot refinery.

She said that this was probably the reason Beijing felt obliged to use its antisanctions law, which had been passed for the first.

Hengli, its billionaire founders Chen Jianhua, and his wife Fan Hongwei did not reply to a comment request.

Immediate Impact

The sanctions were immediately effective.

Hengli's major offshore unit, an Singapore trading arm with about 100 employees, will close this month. China's Wanhua Chemical, meanwhile suspended a long term agreement to purchase benzene by Hengli Petrochemical.

Traders said that the sanctions could put at risk a 2024 preliminary agreement with Saudi Aramco, a major oil company, to buy a 10% stake in Hengli Petrochemical. Aramco declined comment.

Hengli, with its primarily domestic focus and Beijing's support, can continue to operate largely as usual, despite the sanction. The company has stated that it will continue to purchase oil in Chinese Yuan, outside of the dollar settlement system.

Last year, Shandong Yulong Petrochemical, a rival, was sanctioned by the British and European Union for dealing with Russian oil. This led to it relying more on Russian crude.

Hengli will also be forced to depend more on oil sanctioned by the United Nations and it has already redirected all its petrochemicals sales to domestic markets, according to traders.

Trump was asked on his flight to Beijing on Friday if he would lift sanctions against Chinese companies that purchased Iranian oil. He said he might consider it.

He said, "We discussed that and I will make a final decision in the next few days."

There was no change as of Thursday.

The road ahead may not be smooth

Fan, the chairman of Hengli’s Shanghai-listed unit, took a cautious tone nine days before sanctions were imposed in a letter to shareholders after Hengli Petrochemical reported earnings for 2025 of 7.07 billion Yuan ($1.04billion) on revenues of 201 billion Yuan.

She wrote: "Great-power rivalry continues to develop and intertwine. Geopolitical turmoil has never stopped." "We know that the road ahead will not be easy."

Hengli has faced many challenges in the past.

Chen, 55, was raised in Suzhou, a district of Wujiang where many households used to raise silkworms. He dropped out of high school at the age of 14 and made his first fortune by trading scrap silk.

In a speech last year to the National Conference of Young Entrepreneurs, Chen Jianhua (whose name is translated as "build China") recounted how, at age 23, he purchased a textile mill that was bankrupt and had 27 employees.

It was 1994 when China's reforms under Deng's leadership were gaining momentum.

Chen's Hengli, in an effort to help China?break the foreign stranglehold? on synthetic fibre production, ventured upstream. They eventually moved into the state-dominated refinery sector, becoming a fully integrated petrochemical manufacturer.

Hengli was the model for a new generation of private, large petrochemical companies that produce materials for plastics and products for China's booming manufacturing sector.

Hengli made a bold bet and built an $11 billion complex at the remote Changxing Island off Dalian. This was a direct challenge to China National Petroleum Corp.'s refinery nearby.

"There was no power, no water and no mobile signal. There was just a mountain and a stretch of sea, with a tiny road. "I lived and ate at the construction site for four years," Chen recalled.

The time is now.

Hengli, the largest producer in the world of purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA), which is used to make synthetic fibres.

Hengli purchased an idle shipyard in Changxing Island, China, to meet Beijing's demand for infrastructure investments.

He said that at first, "all the shipowners did not trust us and would not place orders. So we placed our orders."?Building two 300,000 ton very large crude carriers, and an 82,000 ton bulk carrier.

Hengli Heavy Industry won orders worth over 100 billion yuan for 115 vessels last year, including Greek, Norwegian, and Japanese shippers.

In February 2025 Chen was invited by Xi to a meeting of leaders of the private sector, where Xi urged them to help China achieve its goals of self-reliance in technology and supply chain security.

Chen recalled Xi’s message, "Show off your talent now." $1 = 6.8012 Chinese Yuan Renminbi (Reporting and editing by Tony Munroe, Sonali Paul and Colleen Aizhu. Additional reporting and editing by Trixie Yap and Siyi Liu.

(source: Reuters)