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Russell: China's May data is confusing, but the Iran war has not affected iron ore prices.

Russell: China's May data is confusing, but the Iran war has not affected iron ore prices.
Russell: China's May data is confusing, but the Iran war has not affected iron ore prices.

The U.S. and Israel war against Iran has not affected the price of iron ore, but this relative calm hides a shift in the?dynamics? for the steel raw material.

China purchases about three quarters of the world's seaborne iron ore. It uses it to feed mills that make just over half the steel produced worldwide.

Iron ore is mostly sourced from Australia and Brazil. Other producers such as South Africa and Guinea also contribute a small amount.

This trade bypasses the Strait of Hormuz. The narrow waterway that connects Iran to Oman has been closed off since February 28, when the U.S., Israel and other countries launched an air campaign against Iran.

The iron ore price has remained relatively stable since the beginning of the conflict. This is in contrast to the volatile prices for commodities such as crude oil, refined goods, liquefied gas, coal and aluminium.

Singapore Exchange iron ore contract prices have traded at a range of $14 per metric tonne, anchored around $105 a ton this year.

The price of marine bunker fuel rose from $98.20 per ton in February to $111.91 per ton on May 11, amid concerns among Chinese buyers about a possible shortage due to the closure of the Strait of Hormuz.

Iron ore prices have fallen as concerns about?imminent fuel shortages have diminished. They ended at $101.65 per ton on 10th June.

Customs data show that China imported 516.26 millions tons in the first five months, an increase of 6.3% compared to a year ago.

MAY DATA DISCREPANCY

According to official figures, imports in May were 97.71 millions tons, down by 6% compared to April and a three-month record low.

The soft imports in May were contrary to the estimates of commodity analysts DBX Commodities Kpler.

DBX estimated seaborne iron ore arrivals in May at 105.56 millions tons, while Kpler estimated 106.4 million.

Although data from tracking services does not always match up with customs, an 8 million ton gap for a single month is rare.

It is likely that official numbers will rebound in June, as the lower number of imports for May may have been due to cargoes arriving at the end the month being pushed forward into June for evaluation.

China's iron ore imports are performing better than China's steel industry. The latter has seen its output fall by 4.1% to 331.12 millions tons in the first quarter of this year.

Iron ore inventories in China's port reached a record of 166.91 millions tons during the week ending March 13.

SteelHome consultants SteelHome have reported that they have declined since then to a?159.09 millions tons during the week ending June 5. The 132.0 million tonnes in the same week of 2025 were 21% more than today.

The decline in domestic iron ore, both in terms of volume and quality, is another factor that drives iron ore imports.

According to MySteel, China's output of iron ore was 326.8 millions tons during the first four months, a 1% decrease from a similar period last year.

The drop in 2025 is 2.8%, from 1.04 billion tons in 2024 to 983.7 millions tons.

China's iron ore contains between 20% and 30% iron. This means that it must be upgraded in order to match the imported grades of 60%-65%. The process is energy-intensive and costly.

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(source: Reuters)