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The cost of the Iran war is increasing for India's economy and government finances

India's economy was doing well a few months back. India's economy was humming along nicely a few months ago.

India is now counting the costs of the Iran War, which, according to economists, will continue to rise if the deadlock in the U.S.-Iran conflict?remains unresolved' and if oil supplies are blocked.

India is the third largest oil consumer and importer in the world. It ships about 90% of its crude oil. This makes its economy one of the most exposed to war-related disruptions and war-related wars.

India announced a series of measures on Friday to limit the impact of the rising rupee on foreign exchange reserves and the economy. Analysts say that the overall drag on growth, inflation, and government finances will continue to grow as long as the oil price remains high.

Michael Langham is an emerging markets economist with Aberdeen Investments.

As a result of the Iran War, there will be disruptions in the supply of fertilisers, which could impact important crops such as wheat, at a time when farmers are bracing themselves for the El Nino weather phenomenon, which often signals drought.

Langham stated that the RBI will find it increasingly difficult to "look past the energy price shocks from the Strait of Hormuz" due to the overlap of these supply-side shocks.

Sanjay malhotra, the governor of India's central banking system, spoke at the end last year about an "unusual Goldilocks phase" for India's economy, as it moved into 2026. The inflation rate was falling, and the growth rate remained strong.

The Iran war has changed that.

India's oil and gas import bill increased by 53% from March to April, leading forecasts that the BoP deficit (basically money entering the economy minus money leaving) would balloon.

HSBC believes that the series of measures taken on Friday could help limit currency damage. It had predicted that India's BoP would reach $65 billion by 2026-27. However, the new measures are expected to reduce the deficit by $30 billion. India's BoP was $25.2 billion in?2025-26, or 0.6% GDP.

India has also reduced gold imports. It is urging its citizens to limit their foreign travel, and to use public transport more to reduce oil consumption.

"DIFFICULT POSITION"

The macro-picture is much more difficult.

After the war started on February 28, benchmark international oil prices soared to almost $120 per barrel. Gas prices have fallen, but remain 30% higher than before. The same period, the number of people who are able to access healthcare has increased by 75%.

The central bank expects an average inflation rate of 5.1% for the year ending March 2027. This is up from the April reading of 3.48%, while the economic growth will drop to 6.6%, down from 7.7% the year before.

Interest rate swap markets have priced in at least 25 basis points of rates increases over the next three month and over 75 basis points for the next year.

Sat Duhra is the portfolio manager of Janus Henderson Investors' Asia ex-Japan Equity Team.

Duhra stated that the energy shock will?undermine growth and put pressure on government finances.

He said that any attempt to reduce public sector capex in order to stabilize conditions could lead to a further slowdown of growth. This puts policymakers in an awkward position.

Strong OIL DEMAND

India delayed raising fuel retail prices because import costs grew. Petrol and Diesel are only up 10% since then compared to 50% or more for some other oil-importing Asian countries.

The government is the largest shareholder in the major retail companies, and although the prices of petrol and diesel are not regulated, it exerts a significant influence.

High prices in other markets have helped to balance the undersupplied market.

Analysts say that the government's strategy of not compensating fuel retailers will cost it financially, as it would reduce its ability to deal with the crisis.

A government official has said that the government's subsidy on fertiliser is likely to increase by 20% in 2026/27. The agrarian sector of India's economy, which employs nearly half the country, is dependent on fertiliser. However, this may be even more important in 2018 due to El Nino and its potential for drought.

The government has also reduced gasoline and gasoil tax, resulting in a monthly revenue loss of 140 billion rupees.

The government targets a fiscal surplus of?4.3% this year. However, a poll predicted it would rise to 4.7%. Some economists even predict it could reach 5%.

The Indian credit rating agency Crisil anticipates that retail oil prices will continue to rise, but at a slower pace. This will have an impact on a larger audience.

In a report, it stated that "the broader effect" would reverberate throughout the economy due to higher transport costs. This will push up food prices and core inflation.

(source: Reuters)