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Green steel requires tiered incentives to become truth in Asia: Russell

It's time for a truth examine about decarbonising Asia's large and growing steel sector. Minimizing the carbon footprint is possible, but just in phases, and over a far longer than perfect period, and only if rewards to do so are readily available.

Steel is the greatest commercial factor to worldwide carbon emissions, accounting for around 8% of the world's overall, making efforts to decarbonise the sector essential to meeting net-zero ambitions.

Asia's iron ore and steel industry gathered this week in Singapore and delivered both motivating and disconcerting news about efforts to decarbonise steel production.

The good news is that virtually every player in the market, from iron ore miners through to steel mills is taking the problem seriously, and more than that, actually putting time, effort and capital towards options.

The problem is that conference net-zero emissions by 2050 in Asia appears mainly a pipedream with the current and most likely available technology.

A more looming and massive obstacle is the current prices structure for steel, given that as yet there is no genuine premium for producing low-carbon metal in Asia and little indication that is on the horizon.

The present situation is one where iron ore miners and steel mills are largely undertaking decarbonisation efforts as part of voluntary commitments to decrease their carbon emissions.

These commitments are mostly the outcome of bending to pressure from investors, some governments and the general public to be seen to be doing something to mitigate the anticipated negative impact of environment change.

This is all well and good, however it means that any costs incurred in decarbonising are effectively stripped from a. business's bottom line as there is no financial reward in Asia. for producing green, or even slightly less unclean, steel.

The question is how to introduce incentives to decarbonise,. From the low-cost and relatively simple preliminary steps. through to the a lot more hard and capital extensive. ambition of net-zero steel.

One way would be to present a tiered system of rewards.

Let's assume a baseline of 2.1 metric tons of carbon. emissions per lots of steel produced in the existing primary. approach of iron ore fines through a blast furnace and after that a. basic oxygen heating system (BOF).

If a steel mill might lower emissions by a 3rd for. example, it could be rewarded with a carbon credit, or prevent. paying a carbon tax of a set quantity per ton of emissions. decreased.

For the sake of example let's assume this very first 3rd. reduction is worth $60 a ton, which is roughly the cost of a. carbon credit in the European Union.

Now presume the steel mill can cut emissions by a further. 3rd, however only by buying brand-new processes, such as utilizing. direct lowered iron (DRI), or its shippable equivalent hot. briquetted iron (HBI) in an electrical arc heating system (EAF).

This decrease could be rewarded with a higher price on. carbon, state $120 a heap.

The final steps to totally decarbonise steel production. by utilizing green hydrogen to produce the HBI, green electrical energy to. run EAFs, and using sustainable shipping fuel such as methanol. to transfer materials, could bring in an even larger carbon. credit to offset the vast capital that needs to be released to. get there.

REWARDS ESSENTIAL

One thing became clear from the discussions at the Green. Steel Online forum today in Singapore, is that without incentives. only the very first, and relatively easy steps to decarbonise will. become reality.

These involve maximising the efficiency of BOFs, increasing. making use of higher grade iron ore and agglomerates such as DRI. and HBI, boosting making use of recycled steel in EAFs and. decarbonising mining iron ore by restricting making use of diesel. power generation at electrifying automobiles and remote mines and. trains.

The problem is that all these efforts will likely cut only. about 20% of steel's international emissions.

The next actions include doing things like utilizing natural gas. to turn low-grade iron ore into DRI and HBI for usage in more. innovative BOFs and even EAFs, and after that changing this process to. green hydrogen.

It's here where expenses end up being real, and where. shareholders are likely to ask what remains in it for them.

Eventually, for steel to decarbonise beyond the low-hanging. fruit, there needs to be a price incentive, and the market by. itself is unlikely to offer this, provided cost is likely to. trump climate concerns for the huge bulk of consumers.

This indicates guidelines such as carbon taxes or credits require. to be executed, and likely coordinated throughout various. countries, however particularly the leading iron ore exporters, Australia,. Brazil and South Africa, as well as China, which produces half. of the world's steel, as well as emerging significant manufacturers such. as India.

The viewpoints expressed here are those of the author, a writer. .

(source: Reuters)