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Andy Home: The US tariff on copper is draining China's warehouses.

Andy Home: The US tariff on copper is draining China's warehouses.
Andy Home: The US tariff on copper is draining China's warehouses.

China's refined copper exports surged to records levels in the last year, as the world's largest buyer found itself in unusual competitive competition with the U.S.

As the market values the possibility of U.S. tariffs, the CME's U.S. Copper contract continues to command an attractive premium over the price on the London Metal Exchange. The decision was deferred to June of this year.

The ripple effect of U.S. metal delivery premiums is now emptying China's warehouse zones.

China's exports jumped from 698.500 tons to 143,000 tons in November. This is already a record for the entire year.

The total for November included 57.700 tons of goods headed to the U.S. All of them were sourced from stocks stored in bonded warehouses located at Chinese ports like Shanghai.

The lingering threat of tariffs continues to disrupt global trading patterns.

CHINA'S BONDED STOCK RAIDED AGAIN

Last year, the arbitrage between the CME and LME was so blown out that traders had a unique opportunity to make money by importing physical copper into the U.S.

CME copper stocks have exploded to 450,000 tonnes, more than LME and Shanghai Futures Exchange combined.

LME stocks for U.S. delivery of desired brands, notably Chilean metal, are exhausted. Chinese and Russian copper made up 95% of the registered inventory as of?the end November.

Metal that was physically unloaded, but had not been cleared by customs to be delivered to mainland buyers has come back to the forefront of attention.

This is the second time that this bonded stock has been raided.

China exported or rather redirected 120,000 tons refined copper to the U.S. from February through July of last year when import tariffs appeared to be a certainty.

The tariff trade was stifled by Donald Trump's decision to impose tariffs on copper products, but not refined copper, in July.

Since then, traders have been betting that the threat of tariffs has only been delayed.

The increase in November shipments of goods from Chinese ports to United States is a testament to the renewed appeal of U.S. deliveries.

Plugging the Gaps

China's portside copper inventory will also leave to plug any gaps that may have arisen elsewhere, as traders remove from the supply chain all brands of metal which can be delivered against the CME contract in order to ensure frictionless arbitrage trading.

Outbound shipments in November included 16,500 tonnes bound for Italy, as well as smaller tons destined for Germany and Sweden.

The rush to get products to the U.S. has caused availability to fall and physical prices to rise everywhere else.

Aurubis, Europe's largest producer, has increased its premium for terms sales to $315 per ton from $228 over the LME base price this year.

Codelco, a Chilean state-owned producer, is charging its European clients $325 per tonne and its Chinese customers $350 per tonne. This reflects the fierce competition between traders for Codelco's brands.

China is still the largest copper importer in the world, but the increase in outbound shipments has caused its net pull of units from other countries to decrease by 11% during the first eleven months of 2025.

It has also struggled to compete with U.S. premium brands when it comes to CME delivered brands.

China's imports from Chilean metal dropped by 43% on an annual basis between January and November, while those from Peruvian metal declined by 50%.

Chinese buyers are increasingly dependent on imports from Russia and the Democratic Republic of Congo, which represented 37% and 11% of the total in the first 11 months of 2025.

SIGNAL CONFUSION

It's hard to tell how much copper has sat in China's warehouse zones for the past few years.

Metals are classified as imports by customs departments, but they only become statistically visible when they're reshipped elsewhere. In that case, it appears on the export side under a special code.

It's obvious that there are fewer imports now than before Trump proposed tariffs in February.

The removal of China's copper port stocks shows how the threat of U.S. Tariffs has affected global copper flows.

This is also a problem for assessing the current state of a market that consistently hits all-time highs in price.

The global exchange inventory was above 800,000 tonnes for the first since 2013 which could dampen the bullish market exuberance.

The CME is the main driver for higher stocks, as copper continues to arrive daily. The CME, where copper is still arriving daily, has been the main driver of higher visible stocks.

The physical supply chain as well as the price signal of inventory are still being distorted by the tectonic movement of copper stocks from Europe to the U.S.

As long as Trump's tariff threat causes a CME premium large enough to cover physical shipment costs, the drain on availability elsewhere, including China’s port stocks, could become more acute.

Andy Home is an author and columnist. The opinions expressed in this column are Andy Home's. Open Interest (ROI), a data-driven, thought-provoking commentary on the markets and finance. Follow ROI on LinkedIn, X and X.

(source: Reuters)