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Green steel requires tiered incentives to end up being reality in Asia: Russell

It's time for a truth examine about decarbonising Asia's huge and growing steel sector. Lowering the carbon footprint is possible, but only in phases, and over a far longer than perfect time period, and just if rewards to do so are readily available.

Steel is the biggest commercial contributor to global carbon emissions, representing around 8% of the world's overall, making efforts to decarbonise the sector essential to meeting net-zero aspirations.

Asia's iron ore and steel industry gathered this week in Singapore and provided both disturbing and encouraging news about efforts to decarbonise steel production.

Fortunately is that virtually every player in the market, from iron ore miners through to steel mills is taking the issue seriously, and more than that, really putting time, effort and capital toward options.

The bad news is that conference net-zero emissions by 2050 in Asia appears mainly a pipedream with the present and most likely offered innovation.

A more looming and enormous challenge is the present prices structure for steel, given that as yet there is no real premium for producing low-carbon metal in Asia and little sign that is on the horizon.

The existing scenario is one where iron ore miners and steel mills are largely undertaking decarbonisation efforts as part of voluntary dedications to decrease their carbon emissions.

These commitments are primarily the result of bending to pressure from investors, some federal governments and the basic public to be seen to be doing something to mitigate the anticipated negative effect of environment modification.

This is all well and good, but it means that any costs incurred in decarbonising are effectively removed from a. company's bottom line as there is no monetary reward in Asia. for producing green, or even somewhat less filthy, steel.

The question is how to present rewards to decarbonise,. From the affordable and relatively simple initial actions. through to the far more tough and capital intensive. ambition of net-zero steel.

One method would be to introduce a tiered system of rewards.

Let's presume a baseline of 2.1 metric lots of carbon. emissions per ton of steel produced in the present predominant. approach of iron ore fines through a blast heating system and after that a. standard oxygen heating system (BOF).

, if a steel mill might lower emissions by a 3rd for. . example, it might be rewarded with a carbon credit, or prevent. paying a carbon tax of a set amount per lots of emissions. reduced.

For the sake of example let's assume this very first third. decrease is worth $60 a lot, which is approximately the price of a. carbon credit in the European Union.

Now assume the steel mill can cut emissions by an even more. third, however only by purchasing brand-new processes, such as utilizing. direct lowered iron (DRI), or its shippable equivalent hot. briquetted iron (HBI) in an electric arc heating system (EAF).

This decrease might be rewarded with a greater rate on. carbon, state $120 a ton.

The last steps to totally decarbonise steel production. by utilizing green hydrogen to produce the HBI, green electrical energy to. run EAFs, and utilizing sustainable shipping fuel such as methanol. to transfer products, might attract an even larger carbon. credit to balance out the huge capital that requires to be released to. get there.

REWARDS VITAL

One thing became clear from the presentations at the Green. Steel Online forum today in Singapore, is that without incentives. only the first, and fairly easy steps to decarbonise will. end up being reality.

These involve maximising the performance of BOFs, increasing. the use of higher grade iron ore and agglomerates such as DRI. and HBI, enhancing making use of recycled steel in EAFs and. decarbonising mining iron ore by limiting making use of diesel. power generation at electrifying automobiles and remote mines and. trains.

The issue is that all these efforts will likely cut just. about 20% of steel's worldwide emissions.

The next steps include doing things like using gas. to turn low-grade iron ore into DRI and HBI for use in more. innovative BOFs or even EAFs, and after that changing this procedure to. green hydrogen.

It's here where costs become genuine, and where. investors are likely to ask what remains in it for them.

Eventually, for steel to decarbonise beyond the low-hanging. fruit, there requires to be a price reward, and the marketplace by. itself is unlikely to offer this, provided cost is likely to. trump climate concerns for the huge bulk of customers.

This means regulations such as carbon taxes or credits require. to be carried out, and most likely coordinated across numerous. countries, but specifically the leading iron ore exporters, Australia,. Brazil and South Africa, as well as China, which produces half. of the world's steel, as well as emerging major manufacturers such. as India.

The viewpoints expressed here are those of the author, a writer. .

(source: Reuters)