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Special Report-How Trump's War on EVs derail America's Auto-factory Revival

Three men were chatting in the local United Auto Workers' hall of Lordstown on a Friday afternoon, May. Normaly, they would be working at the battery plant just a few minutes away. They had been unemployed for the entire year.

Last fall, the factory owned by General Motors in South Korea and LG Energy Solution announced that it would stop production in January due to slow sales of electric vehicles. Ultium Cells' joint venture let go 480 workers indefinitely and informed the remaining 850 that they would not be needed for several months.

This announcement comes just a few short weeks after President Donald Trump and the Republican-controlled Congress killed a $7.500 tax credit intended to boost consumer demand for electric vehicles, causing U.S. EVs sales to plummet. Steve Baier, a worker who was passing the time in the union hall, described the layoffs as a "sobering disappointment" after the initial bursts of optimism that accompanied the opening of the factory four years ago.

Baier stated that "this plant is important for so many people." "It's devastating."

The gleaming white battery plant, worth $2.3 billion and a distance of an hour from Cleveland, towers over the interstate. The auto industry made its biggest investment spree in decades. The U.S. automotive industry launched a wave of domestic manufacturing between 2019 and 2024, starting with Trump's first administration and continuing through Biden's.

The American auto industry was expected to recover after years of decline with the spending spree. To break free from China's EVs, and supply chains, the U.S. had to have its own EV and battery manufacturing base. Anti-China policies - initiated during Trump's first tenure and continued by Joe Biden - as well as federal EV subsidies in order to support the market, ensured that America would need U.S. workers and plants for its EV transition.

Since Trump's return to office, a?array? of policies affecting the automotive industry, immigration, trade, and environmental protection have undermined employment and factory projects in Lordstown, and throughout America's heartland. Atlas Public Policy's analysis of data shows that cancellations of EV and battery projects have snowballed. This has resulted in the loss or threat of tens thousands of jobs.

Trump's stated goal to create auto-manufacturing employment - the core of his economic vision - is undermined by these policies. Analysts say that these policies are pushing the United States behind Europe and China in developing electric cars.

Fallout is mainly felt in a swath from Georgia to Indiana that has attracted so much EV investment, it was nicknamed the Battery Belt. According to an analysis of Atlas data that tracked activity between 2015 and August 24, this year, 87% of announced EV-related investment was in states Trump won by 2024.

Even before Trump's policies frozen the market, U.S. EV investments had slowed. Automakers were not able to sell as many electric cars as they had anticipated, and some consumers were turned off by the high price tags and range anxiety. Auto executives cited Trump’s policies when they decided to cancel massive investments in battery and EV factories. Ford CEO Jim Farley stated that the drop in EV sales after the tax credits expired last September was "really the motivation for us to take the decision" regarding a massive writedown on EV investments.

Kush Desai, the White House spokesman, did not directly answer questions about Trump's anti EV policies and their impact on employment in auto manufacturing, which has decreased since Trump became president. He blamed the Biden Administration for creating "artificial" demand for EVs through subsidies. Trump is "slashing redtape, renegotiating trade deals that are broken, and cutting taxes" to secure trillions of dollars in new manufacturing investment, including billions by domestic and foreign automakers, Desai added.

Biden's spokesperson declined to comment.

A BOOM REVERSED

According to the Center for Automotive Research which tracked announced project, between 2019 and 2024 U.S. auto manufacturing investments will have more than doubled compared to the previous six-year period.

Under Biden's leadership, the electric transition was partly driven through carrot-andstick measures. These included stricter fuel economy rules for gasoline-powered cars to reduce carbon emissions and billions of dollars in subsidies for battery manufacturing. Automakers were also pushed to take action by market forces. Tesla's stock market valuation was nearing $1 trillion, and startups such as Rivian or China's NIO attracted investors and customers. Automakers pledged to invest heavily in electric cars and battery technology one by one.

James Rubenstein is a professor of geography emeritus at Miami University of Ohio. He said that unlike previous U.S. auto factory booms, the EV manufacturing industry promised a deeper base of industrial production and an expanded supply chain. This would require a change in the type of factories required. For example, it wasn't feasible to renovate an engine factory to make batteries. It was necessary to make entirely new capital investments.

Atlas data shows that last year nearly $20 billion in projects were cancelled. The Atlas data show that fresh investment announcements were only $6.5 billion in the last year, just 29% less than the previous year and a fraction the $55 billion pledged by the industry at its peak.

Rubenstein stated that "Electrification has been a major disruptor in our lives." He said that Trump's rollbacks "push" it back.

Atlas data shows that the projects cancelled between January 2025 to August this year promised 27,000 jobs. This is likely an underestimate, as some of the project announcements in the data did not include job creation estimates. The total excludes projects which were scaled down rather than cancelled, as well as those in which the EV component of a larger investment could not be isolated.

The analysis revealed that four-fifths (or about 45%) of the cancelled investments were located in states with a red color.

Since Trump's return to office, auto-factory investment in gasoline vehicles has increased. This may offset some of these losses. The Atlas?data do not quantify the jobs and investments which may be created by converting canceled EV project to traditional automotive factories. Some automakers have moved foreign factory work into U.S. factories with spare capacity in order to avoid Trump's Tariffs.

To date, however, neither the tariffs imposed by the administration nor automakers' efforts to retool idle plant space have resulted in a net increase in jobs. Federal data shows that since January 2025, U.S. jobs in the auto manufacturing industry have decreased by 1.3%. In August, they were at 963,000.

The president, along with other Republicans, have hailed their anti-EV policy as a victory of consumer choice. Trump wanted to reverse the rules that he claimed would force Americans into buying electric cars or what he called an "EV mandate". Under Biden, automakers were required to sell roughly half their cars as EVs in early 2030s despite there being no imminent ban on combustion engine cars. Trump has repeatedly urged the expansion of U.S. oil and gas production.

The automakers are offering some hope to the laid-off workers of battery plants, for reasons unrelated to EV demand or Trump’s auto policy. There is a growing appetite for energy storage batteries due to the boom in AI- and data-center-construction. Ford, GM, and their joint venture partners have stated that they intend to convert a portion of their underused EV plants to storage.

It can still take automakers months or even years to convert plants that make EV batteries into those for storage. This is because the chemistry of these batteries often differs. The demand for storage batteries will not be enough to fill the unused factory space for EVs.

WORKERS INDUCED IN "VOLTAGE VALLEY"

Lordstown is used to the ups and downs of the?car business. The GM assembly plant, which was a major economic engine for the area for over 50 years before closing in 2019, is no longer there. This area has been a popular campaign stop for many politicians, including Trump, Biden and Barack Obama. Hillary Clinton, John McCain, and Mike Pence have all visited the region, and offered their recipes to revive jobs and prosperity.

A newly elected Trump told a crowd at a rally in 2017, just a few miles from Lordstown that manufacturing jobs would return: "Don't Move." After a period of declining employment at GM, Trump publicly harrassed CEO Mary Barra about the plan to close their assembly plant. Three people who were involved in the decision said that this was a factor in GM's decision.

The GM-LG Battery Factory opened in 2022 within a few miles of the closed vehicle factory. Around 1,300 people were hired to make battery cells for electric vehicles. The area was renamed "Voltage Valley", instead of the historic Steel Valley name.

Baier explained that by 2025 employees would be spending more time cleaning their desks than manufacturing battery cells. Ultium, a joint venture between GM and LG, had announced a six-month return to work timeline when the layoffs were announced in October. This was due to the weak demand for EVs after the tax credit expired.

Ultium has brought back 700 factory workers who were laid off in the last few weeks and began production of battery cells in mid-August. The company reported that about 600 workers are still on an indefinite layoff.

In their statements to GM and Ultium, neither company directly addressed the impact that Trump's policies would have on their EV investments. GM stated that it was "continuing to progress EVs", and it still sells a dozen EVs in the U.S. LG acknowledged a decline in EV sales following the expiration subsidies, but it said electrification is a long-term goal.

Many EV projects and battery factories sprang in places Trump promised to revitalize with factory investment.

Two stark white structures rise from the surrounding farmland in Glendale, Kentucky. Ford, SK On and BlueOval SK, Ford's former partners in South Korea, built the battery plants early this decade.

The buildings are the result of two decades of hard work by Rick Games, 72. He was the former director of the Elizabethtown-Hardin County Industrial Foundation. This economic development agency has worked to promote the site for dozens of potential buyers, including Hyundai.

Automakers' interest in the farmland, located an hour south from Louisville and with easy access to highways and electricity, reached fever pitch by 2020. Games said, "Good God, they were pouring out of the woodwork."

Ford and SK have agreed to invest $5,8 billion in 2021 on a site that is the equivalent of 1,100 'football fields. This was the biggest investment ever made in Kentucky, with a promise of 5,000 new job opportunities. Ford also included it in its largest-ever manufacturing project. It was combined with a Tennessee factory, 300 miles away.

Officials in Glendale, a city of 2,000 people, and its surrounding areas raced to prepare the area for a new influx of over 20,000 residents. The roads would be widened in order to accommodate the construction trucks. The developers planned to build thousands of houses.

Ford and SK went on a hiring spree. Bill Wilmoth recently returned to the area. He began working at the Glendale Battery Plant in June 2024 and earned $21 per hour.

Wilmoth, along with other workers, were asked to stay at home in mid-December 2025. He watched a video from management that announced the layoff of about 1,500 people. "My heart fell a little," he said.

Ford did not provide any information in response to questions about the impact that the Trump administration’s policies changes will have on its EV production. Ford said that it will hire 2,100 people in Glendale, less than half of the original workforce estimate to manufacture energy-storage battery units beginning late 2027.

Ford says it is "prioritizing affordability and choice" by investing in gas-engine and hybrid models. Ford said that 1,500 new factory jobs were added in the last year, ending in July. It also plans to launch its new electric pickup truck called Fathom at the Louisville plant.

SK On representatives and BlueOval SK, which is now defunct, declined to comment on the Glendale job losses.

TARIFFS AND DEPORTATIONS WORKFORCE - WORKBATTERY BATTERY

Auto executives cite the elimination of the $7,500 credit as the most significant policy change that has slowed the EV industry's momentum. This was just one of a series of Trump's pro-fossil fuel measures that has?crippled EVs.

The administration also weakened tailpipe-emissions regulations and Congress frozen fines automakers had been paying for years because they failed to meet federal fuel-efficiency requirements. California and the Trump administration have been fighting in court about the state's rights to set their own EV regulations. This battle could determine the viability for the largest EV market in the country.

U.S. immigration and trade policies have also worked against EVs. Steep tariffs hiked the cost of critical battery materials that are overwhelmingly produced in China, such as lithium-iron-phosphate batteries and graphite used in anodes.

The immigration laws have also been tightened, which has made it difficult for foreign battery manufacturers to hire engineers in U.S. factories. In a raid by Immigration and Customs Enforcement on a battery factory under construction in Georgia that was co-owned with LG Energy Solution and Hyundai Motor in September 2025, 475 people were arrested. Many of the people sent home were South Korean engineers and specialists needed to calibrate highly-specialized machinery for long periods.

Two people have told me that some workers in South Korea are now reluctant to travel to the U.S. and this is causing LG's U.S. factory operations to be delayed by several months.

In a statement released jointly, LG Energy said that the Georgia facility was completed and its first cells were shipped in July. The majority of the 500 employees at the plant were locals, they claimed.

MUSCLE TRUCKS ARE MADE IN CHINA, WHILE EVs DOMINATES THE WORLD

Auto executives can now pursue aggressively gasoline engine programs.

In May, Stellantis executives gathered journalists at a test track about an hour west from Detroit to show off a new range of Ram "muscle" trucks with engines up to 6.4 liters. One truck, the yellow and black Ram 1500 Rumble Bee SRT can go from zero to sixty miles per hour at speeds as fast as Ferraris.

Tim Kuniskis is the head of Stellantis' American Brands. As Guns N' Roses' Welcome to the Jungle rumbled the bleachers, giant screens flashed the words "in loud, we trust".

Stellantis, meanwhile, has scrapped EV projects in order to reduce its $27 billion debt. A part of the $6 billion battery complex, which will create 2,800 jobs in Kokomo (Indiana), jointly planned by Samsung SDI and Stellantis, has been stalled. The automaker cancelled development of its planned Ram electric vehicle in late 2025.

Samsung SDI has confirmed that it is in discussions with Stellantis about the future of its Indiana facility.

Stellantis stated that the revised regulations of the administration "are more aligned to market realities" and are focused on delivering a variety of vehicles and powertrains - from V-8 engines, to?pure EVs or small cars.

Ford plans to stop producing EV pickups at its Tennessee assembly plant and switch to gas-powered models. However, the work will start several years after it was originally planned to be an EV factory.

It's still unclear if voters in the affected states will punish Republicans over the EV retreat. Many in Glendale did not blame Trump's policies when it came to the empty battery factories.

Joshua Urso, a worker who was let go in December, was one of the many. He found work at a fabrication workshop after applying for 100 jobs. He said that the push to promote EVs under Biden is the real problem.

Don't tell my I have to purchase anything. "I'll buy whatever I want to," he said. "If I want to buy a black-smoking, gas-guzzling diesel, then I will."

Trump's fossil-fuel-friendly agenda has set the U.S. apart from China and Europe, the two world's top auto markets. In these regions, EV sales are booming due to the demand from buyers, intense competition between carmakers and government incentives. The war in the Middle East has pushed up gas prices, and this year Europeans are gravitating towards EVs.

U.S. automakers may see short-term benefits from selling more gas-guzzling pickup trucks. These are their top money-makers. This will put them further back in the global race, according to Susan Helper, a professor of economics at Case Western Reserve University, and former senior advisor for industrial strategy for Biden.

Helper stated that "We won't be making electric cars, as the rest of world wants them."

Wilmoth, a former employee of BlueOval SK in Kentucky (the Ford-SK venture), blames the Biden administration and automakers for pushing too hard for strict regulations. He now works on an AI startup.

He often thinks about his colleagues who lost their careers, which they thought would provide for their families over many years.

He said that for a time, they pretended it would work.

(source: Reuters)