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What's the deal with talks to end Iran war?

LONDON/DUBAI - U.S. secretary of state Marco Rubio stated on Tuesday that negotiations with Iran would "take a few more days." This dimmed hopes for a quick?end to this conflict, after the U.S. launched what they called defensive strikes in the south of Iran. Iran's Foreign Ministry spokesperson stated earlier that many of the topics covered in a possible 14-point memorandum were concluded, but it did not mean an agreement to end the war was imminent.

WHAT STAGE ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AT? After a ceasefire early in April, both sides remain 'at odds' on difficult issues, including Iran's nuke ambitions, Israel’s war in Lebanon against the Hezbollah militia, and Tehran's demand for the lifting sanctions and release of frozen assets. Both sides claim that after weeks of mostly indirect talks they have reached an agreement on a Memorandum of Understanding which would stop the war. The document would also give negotiators a 60-day window to come up with a final settlement. According to Esmaeil baghaei, the Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesperson, the framework is centered on a halt to the war, and a U.S. navy blockade in exchange for Tehran to take steps to ensure safe passage in the Strait of Hormuz.

According to ISNA, senior Iranian diplomat Hossein Nooshabadi said that the framework agreement could include the ending of wars on all fronts, including Lebanon, release of Iranian assets blocked by the U.S., lifting of U.S. Naval Blockade, opening of Strait of Hormuz and withdrawal of U.S. Forces from Iran's vicinity.

Nooshabadi stated that the draft agreement for Iran contained no commitments regarding its nuclear programme.

An anonymous senior official in the Trump administration said that Iran agreed "in principle", to open the Strait of Hormuz as a result of the lifting of the U.S. naval blockade and the disposal of Tehran's highly-enriched uranium.

Iranian sources stated that a framework deal is about ending the conflict on all fronts and establishing a 30 day framework for shipping and movement through Hormuz. It may also provide some financial relief.

Then,?negotiations would be held on more complex issues such as Iran's status with highly enriched Uranium, the details of the Strait and the order in which the various points included in the initial deal, like sanctions relief and security, are addressed.

HOW COULD A DEAL MOVE FORWARD?

The memorandum will be sent for final approval to the supreme leader of the country if the Supreme National Security Council of Iran approves it.

According to the senior U.S. government official, the U.S. believed that Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei had approved the general template of the agreement.

Baghaei, Nooshabadi, and others said that if the first phase of agreement went well, then the nuclear issue would be reviewed and discussed during the 60 day period.

Negotiations between teams of experts took many years to reach the last nuclear deal, which was signed in 2015 but subsequently revoked by Donald Trump.

What are the main issues?

HORMUZ AND GULF BLOCKADE - Tehran views its control of Hormuz as its main leverage, while Washington sees Washington's blockade against Iranian ports.

The United States believe Iran is trying to build a nuke bomb. Iran has always denied this and said that its atomic program is only for peaceful purposes. Focus is on Iran's enrichment of Uranium which can be used to generate fuel for nuclear power, but also material for warheads. A long-term moratorium on the enrichment of uranium and exports or dilutions of the stockpile may be included in a?agreement. The nuclear issue is very complex. Iranian sources claim that Iran may agree to have a part of its highly-enriched uranium converted to uranium with a purity of 5% in a friendly nation and then return it to Iran. There are still many issues to resolve: the length of the halting of the nuclear program, the dismantling of nuclear sites, the fate of the stockpiles enriched at 20% and 5% and the future of Iran’s advanced centrifuges, research and development programs and other matters.

BALLISTIC MISSILES – A major U.S. request before the 'war' was that Iran limit its ballistic missile range so that they couldn’t reach Israel. Iran has never discussed its ballistic missiles. It has said that its conventional weapons are not on the table, and it has a large arsenal. Iran's economy was hurt by sanctions over the years and this contributed to the unrest across the country in January. Tehran desperately needs the sanctions lifted, and for tens billions of dollars in Iranian oil revenue frozen abroad to be released. The Iranian government also wants compensation for war damages.

(source: Reuters)