Latest News

Dollars slide on trade and tax concerns

As June began, the U.S. Dollar plunged to its lowest level since six weeks. Concerns about U.S. Tariffs were back in the spotlight after the legal confusion of last week and rising military tensions around the world.

The euro was the leader, unfazed by the prospect that the European Central Bank would cut interest rates again on Thursday. The new German chancellor Friedrich Merz will visit Washington on Thursday to meet U.S. president Donald Trump as trade negotiations between Europe and America continue to be closely watched.

The dollar is susceptible to fears of foreign capital flight as markets are still concerned about the U.S. Fiscal Bill that is currently being debated in the Senate. This bill gives the administration the ability to tax companies and investors who come from countries with 'unfair' foreign taxes.

On Monday, the focus was back on tariffs. It seemed that President Donald Trump would push for levies in some way despite last week's legal opposition.

After the weekend, Trump's plan of doubling duties on import steel and aluminum from Wednesday to 50% hit the greenback as Beijing retaliated against allegations that it had violated an agreement regarding critical minerals shipments.

The weekend was marked by geopolitical tensions of great importance and bellicose threats. Gold rose.

Pete Hegseth, the U.S. Secretary of Defense, warned his Indo-Pacific allies on Saturday to increase their spending on defence. Ukraine-Russian war continues to rage. Ukrainian drones continue to strike dozens of Russian aircraft deep within Russian territory. Gaza's conflict is not ending.

The major countries are building weapons at a rapid pace. Britain is expanding its fleet of nuclear-powered attack subs as part a review of defence, aimed at preparing the country for modern warfare and countering the Russian threat.

The oil price rose by about 3% Monday, after the producer group OPEC+ maintained its output increase in July at the level of the previous two month.

There was some good news on the interest rates front in a week that saw a lot of data from the U.S. Labor Market.

Federal Reserve Governor Christopher Waller stated on Monday that further rate cuts are possible in the second part of the year. Waller said that since the rise in inflation pressures linked to Trump's increased import taxes is unlikely to persist, he supports looking past any tariff effects to near-term-inflation in setting policy rates.

As expected, China's manufacturing sector shrank in May for the second consecutive month.

After Karol Nawrocki, the nationalist candidate of the opposition won the second round in the presidential elections, stocks in Poland fell by 1.4%.

Before Monday's bell rang, U.S. stocks futures were down by about half a percentage, and so too were stocks in Europe, Japan, and other parts of the world. The yields on U.S. Treasury bonds have risen again.

The column today looks at this week's major monetary decision made in Europe. It is widely expected that the European Central Bank will lower rates for an eighth time during the cycle, but the euro has risen regardless.

EURO CONUNDRUM: ECB FACES SURGING EURO DISCONNORDRUM

The euro continues to rise while the European Central Bank is cutting rates. This is because a capital reversal in the US has thrown off the relative rate shifts, and could force the ECB to further ease.

It is expected that the ECB will lower its main lending rate to 2% on Thursday, which would be half of what it was a year ago at its highest point and less than half of the Federal Reserve's equivalent. The central bank has also returned to a level it considers to be 'neutral,' meaning that the rate does not either stimulate or rein in the economy.

For the first time since almost two years, real, or inflation adjusted, ECB interest rates will return to zero.

It's amazing that the euro, after eight consecutive ECB rate cuts and the prospect of zero real rates or even negative ones in the future, has risen more than 10% against a dollar basket and 5% against a currency basket based on the major trading partners of the Euro Zone.

The nominal effective euro index has reached record levels, while the "real" version is at its highest level in over 10 years.

The euro/dollar rate has risen despite no change in the difference between the yields of two-year government bonds on either side. This is usually a reliable indicator for changes in the exchange rate. This trend is largely due to Donald Trump's trade wars, the fear of capital flight out of dollar assets because of a variety of concerns regarding U.S. institutions and policies, and Germany's historical fiscal boost.

The ECB is in a quandary if, as many believe, even a fraction (or fractions) of the trillions dollars of European capital invested in the United States are indeed returning home. How can it manage both the deflationary and domestic demand effects of a currency increase that is so rapid? The euro is not affected by the possibility of future rate cuts. The majority of ECB observers expect one or even two more rate cuts after Thursday, while money markets are predicting a 'terminal' rate of around 1.75%. This is the low end in the ECB range estimated as 'neutral. If the majority of capital repatriation is from equity investments in the U.S., lower ECB interest rates could even increase the outflows by boosting growth prospects for cheaper European stocks. Higher borrowing in Germany and across Europe should also sustain fixed income returns over the long term, increasing the pool of "safe" investments.

'GLOBAL EUROMOMENT'

The ECB may protest about 'excessive gains' in the euro, but the impact could be limited unless they are prepared to back up their words with actions. There is also a chance that it could backfire because of the reasons mentioned above.

The ECB is encouraging investment and the euro as a currency of reserve, in part, to meet the massive capital requirements for retooling the military, digital, and energy sectors.

Christine Lagarde, ECB head, said in a speech last week in Berlin that there is an opportunity for a global euro moment, where the single currency can be a viable alternative to dollars, bringing immense benefits to the region if the governments are able strengthen the financial and security infrastructure of the bloc.

A soaring currency rate during a trade conflict may seem like a good thing, but it will cause some concern among the major exporting countries in the region.

ECB hawks, doves, and others will have to decide whether the continued easing of monetary policy to counter disinflationary risks is only stoking domestic inflation in the long run. Not to mention the fiscal boost that's coming next year.

It is clear that the ECB will take into account in its new economic projections, due to be released on Thursday, the 7% increase in the euro/dollar rate and the near 10% decline in the global oil price since the last set of forecasts made in early March.

Morgan Stanley economists believe that even if central bank raises core inflation forecasts, headline inflation could still fall short of the 2% target between mid-2025 and early 2027. This is even though the GDP growth outlook for 2025 has been revised upwards.

At this point, it is impossible to make any predictions. Few central banks or major traders have any idea where the U.S. trade war or tariffs will lead.

The ECB is unlikely to be able to cap the Euro, as global trade and investments are a source of anxiety. The ECB is faced with a big dilemma: whether to maintain the status quo or ease up even further.

The chart of the day shows how tariff-related import distortions have distorted U.S. Gross Domestic Product readings this year. Last week, models that track GDP inputs were again jarred when a sharp contraction of the goods trade deficit in April occurred as the front-running imports to beat the tariffs in the 1st quarter faded. According to the Census Bureau of the Commerce Department, with many tariffs in effect, imports plummeted, helping to reduce the goods trade surplus by 46%, to $88 billion. Imports dropped $68 billion, to $276 billion. Exports rose $6.3 to $188.5. If the goods deficit shrinks, the net trade component in GDP calculations could spur significant growth in this quarter. It is similar to how it reduced Q1 GDP by a record-breaking 4.9 percentage points. The Atlanta Federal Reserve’s ‘GDPNow’ tracker is now boosted by the trade figures. It sees an impressive 3.8% real GDP increase in Q2. There is still caution. There is caution. Businesses don't appear to be restocking. Wholesale inventories were unchanged last month, and retail stocks fell by 0.1%. Stockpiles are expected to drop dramatically over the rest of the quarter.

Watch today's events

* US manufacturing surveys for May from S&P Global and ISM (0930EDT), as well as April construction spending (1000EDT).

* Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell opens Fed event in Washington. Fed Board Governor Christopher Waller and Dallas Fed President Lorie Log speak. Chicago Fed President Austan Gollisbee also speaks. Bank of England policymaker Catherine Mann also speaks.

* US corporate earnings: Campbell's

The opinions expressed are solely those of the authors. These opinions do not represent the views of News. News is committed to the Trust Principles and therefore, integrity, independence and freedom from bias.

(source: Reuters)