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Andy Home: The Zinc Market continues to defy expectations

Zinc did not perform according to script in 2018 and the galvanising material continues to surprise 2026.

The London Metal Exchange (LME) is trading at its highest levels in three years this week. A market that was expected to move to an oversupply by 2025, was instead rocked in October by a fierce squeeze.

The global mine production is increasing at a rapid pace, but the flow through to the refined metal segment is taking longer than expected. This is because the'surplus' is all stuck in China.

LME zinc inventories have increased from the depleted levels of October thanks to an influx of Chinese exports. The inventory rebuild has slowed in recent weeks. This suggests that the Western market requires more consistent Chinese supply.

Mine Supply on Track

Zinc's bear story is based on increasing mine production, and things are going according to plan.

According to the International Lead and Zinc Study Group, the global mine production grew by 6.5% in the first ten months of 2025.

Boliden’s Tara mine, located in Ireland, has reopened after being closed in mid-2023 because of low prices. Ivanhoe Mines’ Kipushi operation is also ramping up in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The Russian mine Ozernoye has also begun full production following a?one-year delay due to a combination between a fire in November 2023 and a shortage of spare parts because of Western sanctions imposed over the war in Ukraine.

China's dramatic increase in raw material imports is a clear indication of the impact. The volume of zinc concentrates imported into China increased by 30% on an annual basis, reaching a record high of 5,33 million metric tonnes in 2025.

According to ILZSG, the latest figures show that the turnaround in the market for zinc concentrates allowed China to increase its output of?refined Zinc by 8.4% during the first 10 months in 2025.

CHINA TRADE SHIFTS

The global refined zinc production however, only grew by 2.9% during the same period, because smelter output outside China decreased by 2.2% compared to 2024.

The closure of Toho Zinc Annaka and the temporary suspension at the Seokpo Smelter in South Korea have contributed to the lower metal production in Brazil, Kazakhstan and South Korea.

The Western markets are now dependent on Chinese exports in order to fill the gaps in their supply chain.

China's refined zinc trade began to shift in the fourth quarter last year when it became a net importer for the first since 2022.

Exports rose to 42,800 tonnes in November, the largest monthly total in nearly 20 years. Chinese smelters sent metal to?LME storage facilities in Hong Kong Singapore and Taiwan in order to benefit from the historic increase in the cash premium, which reached over $300 per tonne.

Exports fell to 27,000 tonnes in December as LME tightened up.

REBUILD OF PARTIAL STOCKS

China's late year export surge helped the LME warehouse stocks recover, from less than 50,000 tons in November to 131,000 tonnes at the end December.

The upward trend has slowed down since then. Exchange inventory, both registered as well as?off-warrant is currently at 138,000 tonnes.

The amount of metal that has been earmarked to be physically loaded out, as indicated by the number of cancelled warrants, has steadily increased to 12,100 tonnes, or almost 11%, of the registered tonnage.

This suggests that the Western market?is still running short of zinc, and needs more Chinese supplies to meet the demand.

On paper, the global zinc supply is growing. However, with the excess metal in China it will require higher LME prices in order to get it out.

Last year, the disconnect between zinc prices in the east and west was a surprise to bears. The LME's three-month zinc is now trading at over $3,300 per tonne for the first since January 2023. Bears may have to wait before this market catches up to expectations.

Andy Home is an author and columnist. These are Andy Home's opinions. Check out Open Interest, your new essential source for global financial commentary. Follow ROI on LinkedIn and X. Listen to the Morning Bid podcast daily on Apple, Spotify or the app. Subscribe to the Morning Bid podcast and hear journalists discussing the latest news in finance and markets seven days a weeks.

(source: Reuters)