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The 'Made-in-EU' auto regulations may cause backlash among friends and rivals

The European Union treads a thin line when it comes to plans to introduce "Made in EU" rules for the bloc's automotive industry. It wants to revitalize local manufacturing without damaging relationships with major trading partners.

Plans, which are due on Wednesday, as part of an 'effort to boost EU Industry more broadly,' are complicated by a division between the member states. France takes a more protective line, while Germany is more concerned about possible retaliation.

Automakers who rely on non EU supplies, or have large operations in non EU countries, such as Ford and Jaguar Land Rover that lobby Brussels, are also opposed. Britain, Turkey and Morocco would like to be included in the 'Made in Europe" rules. But only if their interests are not ignored.

The stakes are high.

Christophe Perillat said, "If we don’t do this there will be massive relocations," the CEO of French auto manufacturer Valeo, Christophe Perillat on Friday. "I've not seen an industry come back."

RETALIATION FEARS

According to the latest version of the proposed Industrial Accelerator Act that has been leaked, 70% of an?electric car's cost, excluding its battery, would have to be made in the EU to qualify for EU subsides.

The draft also stipulates a minimum EU content for the battery pack, but excludes the cells to acknowledge China's dominance in the global supply chain of battery cells.

The European auto industry has been under pressure for a long time. This pressure is intensified with the arrival of Chinese competitors who are rolling out cheaper and more technologically advanced EVs.

The French association of small suppliers Fiev claims that its members have lost half their workforce from 2007 to 2024. Its president Jean-Louis Pech warns, however, that employment could again be cut in half by the end if no action is taken.

Antoine Doutriaux is the CEO of Plastivaloire. The company makes plastic interior parts, and?closed a French factory last year. He says that not mandating local contents "would be dangerous for European Industry". He claims that Chinese competitors pay 30% less than the US for raw materials, and "do not play by the same rules".

Germany's automakers, however, sell more than one-quarter of their vehicles to China, the largest auto market in the world, and are concerned that strict local content rules could spark a trade conflict.

Karoline Kampermann is the head of economics, foreign trade and taxation for VDA, a German automobile lobby group. She said: "Further protectionist measures, such as local content requirements, could lead to retaliation from other countries."

China has denied that its automakers receive unfair subsidies. It also retaliated to other EU measures, which it considers as protectionists, like EU import tariffs for Chinese-made EVs.

"WALKING ON EGGSHELLS"

The global auto supply chain is so complex and integrated that it's difficult to determine the local content levels of individual models.

A2MAC1, a French company that dismantles cars for automakers in order to evaluate their products, has reviewed two European EVs - the Volkswagen ID.3 and Renault 5 - based upon cost of parts per country.

The ID.3 was found to have a value of 86% from the EU, and only 7% from China. This does not include raw materials. It is easily a?made in EU' product.

Renault claims that up to 80% suppliers of the Renault 5 assembly site in northern France are located within 300 km. A2MAC1 discovered that EU-based components accounted for only 51% of a car's total cost. China supplied 41%. By excluding the battery, the component that is most dependent on China, the EU content increases to 76%. The Renault 5 would then meet the threshold.

The Commission's proposal would only count parts from EU member states plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway (the European Economic Area) as local content. However, it would also consider parts from "trusted partner" and World Trade Organization agreements.

Ford's European Supply Chain, for Example, is heavily dependent on Britain and Turkey. European President Jim Baumbick claims that "excluding these countries would weaken the production within the EU".

The?low cost manufacturing hub of Toyota, Stellantis and Hyundai is Turkey. Cengiz Eroldu is the president of Turkish automaker's association OSD. He says that exclusion "poses great risks to our country's investment climate" and inclusion "is a necessity".

Chris Heron of the lobby group E-Mobility said that including Turkey would allow Chinese automakers to save on energy and labor while still being eligible for EU subsidies.

He said, "It's like walking on eggs,"

(source: Reuters)