Latest News

Russell: China's structural shift is reflected in its weak steel production and strong imports of iron ore.

The disparity between China's low steel production and its robust imports of?iron ore is still evident, but it is now starting to appear as a structural shift instead of a temporary dislocation.

China, which accounts for just over half the world's total steel production, produced 86.63 metric tons of steel in April. This is a 2.8% drop from the same period in 2025 and the lowest April figure since 2018.

Steel production for the first four months of the year was 331.12 millions tons, down 4.1% from last year's same period.

According to official statistics, however, iron ore exports increased by 8% during the first four month of the year, to 418,6 million tonnes.

Imports of steel-related raw materials in April were 103.9 millions tons. This is down 0.8% compared to March's total of 104.74, but slightly higher per day due to April having one less day than March.

Analysts at DBX Commodities estimate that May seaborne arrivals will be 104.67 millions tons.

The lackluster steel production can be explained by the continuing weakness in the property construction sector and the decline in exports. In April, shipments dropped 9% from the same month last year.

Steel exports fell 9.7% in the first quarter of 2026 to 34.2 millions tons.

Iron ore imports are a result of both structural and temporary factors.

Inventories are built

SteelHome consultants SteelHome monitor port stockpiles to ensure that they are not contaminated. Holding near record highs

The week ending May 22 saw inventories at 160.35 millions tons, up slightly from the previous week's 160.34 and close to the record of 165.67 that was reached the week before.

As steel production increases to meet the construction demand, inventories tend to build towards the end of each year. They then peak early in the following year and decline toward the middle.

Stockpiles are up 22% since the July low of 131.05 millions tons, which was 2025's lowest level.

Market participants will be able to tell whether inventories will follow their usual seasonal pattern, and begin to decline as we approach the northern summer. Or if soft steel production will continue to keep them high compared with previous years.

It is possible that the Iran war, and the threat of fuel shortages in Asia due to the continued closure of the Strait of Hormuz by the Iranian government may have also encouraged Chinese steel mills to import more ore.

The lack of volatility may also be a factor in the rise in imports. Singapore Exchange contracts have been locked in a narrow range around $105 per ton over the last 10 months. On Monday, the front-month contract closed at $109.09.

Iron ore imports are driven by a decline in China's domestic production of iron ore, which is further exacerbated due to deteriorating ore grades. This means that the same amount of ore will yield less iron.

According to MySteel, China's first four months iron ore production was 326.8 millions tons, a 1% decrease from the same period in 2013.

The drop in 2024 was 2.8% to 1.04 billion tons.

China's iron ore is a mixture of 20-30% iron. This means that it must be upgraded in order to match the imported grades, which are 60-65%. The process?is energy-intensive and costly.

Imports are likely to increase, as China's domestic iron ore continues to decline. This is assuming that steel production remains relatively stable.

You like this column? Open Interest (ROI) is your new essential source of global financial commentary. ROI provides data-driven, thought-provoking analysis on everything from soybeans to swap rates. The markets are changing faster than ever. ROI can help you keep up. Follow ROI on LinkedIn, X.

These are the views of a columnist, who is also an author.

(source: Reuters)