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Saudi's Ma'aden weighs foreign partner for minerals processing pact

Three sources familiar with the matter have confirmed that Saudi Arabia's Ma'aden, the country's largest mining company, is looking at forming a rare-earths processing partnership. The kingdom wants to be a global hub for critical minerals.

Sources said Ma'aden was considering a partnership with MP Materials in the United States, China's Shenghe Resources or Australia's Lynas rare earths, as well as Canada's Neo Performance Materials.

According to sources who weren't authorized to speak publicly about the discussions, Ma'aden intends to select at least one partner before the end of the month to assist in developing plans for a rare-earths processing facility, and ultimately a magnet plant, within the kingdom. Details of the selection process have never been revealed before, but it shows how minerals processing has become a necessity in tech-focused countries that want to build their own building block for artificial intelligence, electrical vehicles, and other sectors. Saudi Arabia's mining industry has grown rapidly and is an important part of Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman’s Vision 2030 plan to diversify Saudi Arabia's economy. The country and its mining companies are looking at projects to mine and refine minerals such as lithium, copper and zinc, which is used to produce magnets for electric vehicles, cell phones, and other devices.

Ma'aden MP and Ma'aden declined to comment. Shenghe and Neo didn't respond to comments. Lynas stated that it was focused on rare-earths processing projects in Australia and Malaysia, as well as the United States. It also said that it "regularly held discussions with emerging rare-earths companies around the globe." Ma'aden and the selected partner will then study the best way to mine and process Saudi Arabia’s vast reserves of rare earth minerals. This is expected to be completed by December this year, according to one source.

Shenghe, Neo, and MP have the most expertise in rare earths processing, and magnet production. However, MP is working to increase both within the United States. Lynas refines rare earths and processes them in Malaysia. Scientists are pushing for better processes to refine rare Earths because the standard method can be messy, expensive, and time-consuming. The geology of a rare earth deposit can lead to 17 different metals that are all nearly the same size, atomic weight and density, which makes separation difficult. These rare earths have to be separated in a certain order. This is a challenge for Ma'aden or any potential partner, as it would make it impossible to pick and choose the elements that they want.

MP, who supplies Shenghe rare earths for processing in China from its California mine, invested with Shenghe 2023 in a Vietnamese facility to process rare earths. Both companies announced earlier this year that they intended to dissolve their partnership.

CHINA'S UPPER HANDS

According to the International Energy Agency, China began rapidly expanding the industry in the 1980s. It now controls almost 90% of the global capacity for rare earths refinement. Since 2023, geologists from the China Geological Survey, a state-controlled organization in China have been mapping Saudi Arabia's minerals reserves. China's mineral prowess has helped propel its economy to second place in the world. The U.S., among others, have acknowledged this and are trying to change it, particularly after Beijing banned exports of rare earths technology processing in 2023. Beijing imposed export restrictions last week on rare earths as well as magnets and finished products. Last month, U.S. president Donald Trump invoked his wartime powers in order to boost American metals refinery.

Saudi officials nearly doubled last year their estimate of the kingdom's mineral reserves, bringing it to $2.5 trillion. This increase was largely due the additions of rare earths.

According to one source, Riyadh wants to process the rare earths into a form which can be used for electronics in the Kingdom and doesn't want the supply chain exported anywhere else.

BROAD INVESTMENTS This is just one of Riyadh’s recent efforts to enter the minerals supply chain. Global Supply Chain Resilience Initiative is a government program that falls under the National Investment Strategy of Saudi Arabia. Last November, it announced plans to invest 35 billion Riyals ($9.32 billion), in copper refineries and smelters from India's Vedanta, and a zinc-smelter by China's Zijin. Saudi Arabia's sovereign fund is the biggest shareholder in California-based EV maker Lucid. In 2023, Lucid will open its first factory outside of the U.S. Hastings Technology Metals, based in Australia, has signed a memorandum-of-understanding with the National Investment Strategy to explore a rare earths facility. Last year, Critical Metals of the United States signed a MOU that was non-binding to explore construction of a Lithium refinery in Saudi Arabia. The company is based in Riyadh. Ma'aden - a company controlled by the Saudi wealth funds - announced in May that it had extracted lithium from seawater. It is now working on making the process commercially feasible. Reporting by Ernest Scheyder and Clara Denina; Editing by Veronica Brown, Nik Williams and Nita Williams

(source: Reuters)