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Sponsored: Energy and Finance Chiefs Call for Sound Policy, Stable Frameworks at ADIPEC
Global finance leaders discuss the new era of energy investment defined by pragmatism, diversification and strategic capital allocation Industry leaders urge fundamentals-based planning amid global volatility, with stable, sound and clear policy frameworks identified as key investment landscape criteria Liquefied natural gas, methane and carbon reduction innovations and emerging markets identified as key investment frontiers Organisations whose speakers shared finance insights at ADIPEC 2025 included Moeve, The World Bank Group, Siemens Energy, NNPC, and PETRONASAbu Dhabi, 05 November 2025: Day 3 of ADIPEC 2025 concluded on 5 November with a resounding call to action for global financiers, policymakers, and energy leaders to accelerate investment in energy and infrastructure. Against the backdrop of high-level dialogue, the event spotlighted the urgent need for scalable capital deployment to meet rising energy demand. With over US$3.3 trillion in global energy investment projected this year, ADIPEC reinforced its role as a catalyst for unlocking strategic partnerships and financial innovation across the energy value chain.Taking place from 3-6 November, ADIPEC 2025 is convening financiers, policymakers and industry leaders to unlock the capital, tools and frameworks needed to transform global energy systems at speed and scale.With energy security and affordability shaping investment decisions, and challenges persisting in emerging economies such as high borrowing costs, investment risks, limited creditworthy off-takers, and regulatory uncertainty, ADIPEC 2025’s Finance & Investment programme has been showcasing how redirected capital flows, evolving portfolios, and inclusive frameworks are strengthening resilience, competitiveness, and long-term decarbonisation.Financing based on sound fundamentals, not short-term market shiftsIn the session titled ‘Commanding the next decade: how leaders are positioning for global volatility and opportunity’, experts discussed long-term financial planning in a dynamic energy landscape, recommending fundamental-based decisions over reactive policy.In the session, Maarten Wetselaar, CEO, Moeve, said:"You always have to invest based on fundamentals rather than on the latest policy change, whether it’s in Europe or the US or wherever in the world, because it takes so long to build energy investments that it’d be a bit risky to respond to the latest coming out of wherever in the world.”Advancing global goals with decarbonisation investmentWhile the global energy industry looks to bring more energy streams online, sector experts advised a continued focus on decarbonising our existing energy system, to ensure long-term energy sustainability. A key part of that is reducing carbon and methane emissions, for which greater investment in technology innovation is required.During a session titled ‘Methane emissions reduction: a decarbonisation priority’, Zubin Bamji, Manager Energy and Extractives Global Department, The World Bank Group, spoke about the critical role of financing in addressing methane emissions reduction.“Finance is one of the key missing elements in this ecosystem of methane and flaring decarbonisation, and the World Bank would like to play a role in that gap. The idea was to provide catalytic funding that is needed in many developing countries or emerging economies for them to recognise that there is actually an opportunity here.”His view was supported by Khalid Bin Hadi, Managing Director, UAE, Siemens Energy, who linked the ability to advance decarbonisation to investment in innovation, saying: “For me, innovation is about solving problems. We need to apply innovation, we need to scale innovations, and that will require three elements: investments, industry partnerships, and true partnership.”Myriad opportunities for energy and infrastructure investment in emerging marketsSeveral rapidly developing emerging market economies are looking to connect capital to resource extraction projects, which is often dependent on cross-sector and cross-border collaboration.In the session titled ‘Strengthening Nigeria and NNPC’s position in global energy markets’, Bayo Bashir Ojulari, Group CEO of NNPC, discussed how Nigeria’s booming energy sector is approaching development. He said: “With production comes the requirement for investment, so we’re focusing on collaboration that starts with the baseline, making our existing partnerships as effective and sharp as possible, while also discussing new partners, new investments, and new opportunities.”The importance of sound, stable, and clear policy in attracting and unlocking finance and investment was another message reiterated by speakers at ADIPEC 2025.Charlotte Wolff-Bye, Chief Sustainability Officer, PETRONAS,summarised the message succintly when she said: “Business works well when we have a line of sight of clear regulation, clear policy, line of sight, all of this. We like that. Most of us operate in many countries. We enjoy that. Investment will flow. The inability to regulate some of these policy commitments, perhaps lack of enforcement, doesn’t help, actually.”ADIPEC 2025 continues through 6 November, with upcoming sessions addressing hydrogen, LNG, digitalisation, and the future of energy systems. Across four days, the conference is turning dialogue into delivery, catalysing partnerships and showcasing solutions that drive inclusive, sustainable progress at speed and scale. Photo Courtesy ADIPEC
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Aker Solutions Extends Services Deal on Hebron Platform off Canada
Aker Solutions has secured a five-year enabling contract extension with ExxonMobil Canada Properties, the operator of the Hebron platform offshore Newfoundland and Labrador.The brownfield maintenance and modification (M&M) contract, valued between $147 million and $245 million, extends the company’s existing engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) enabling agreement first awarded in 2015.Aker Solutions has supported ExxonMobil on the Hebron platform for nearly a decade, delivering platform-wide upgrades and modifications. The company has also provided multidisciplinary services to Canada’s East Coast oil and gas sector for more than 30 years.Executive Vice President Paal Eikeseth, who heads Aker Solutions’ Life Cycle business, said the company will use its integrated project execution model to deliver efficient and cost-effective solutions.“We will leverage our multi-discipline Project Execution Model to deliver fit-for-purpose solutions with speed and precision, ensuring successful outcomes while reducing costs,” Eikeseth said.The work will be led from Aker Solutions’ St. John’s office, where staffing has grown from 100 to 350 employees in recent years.
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Cleaning woman found dead after wrong house in Indiana
Police in Indiana said that detectives had completed the initial investigation of the murder of a cleaning lady who was mistakenly sent to the wrong address. She was fatally shot by a resident, who was afraid an intruder might be outside. The Whitestown Metropolitan Police Department has submitted its findings to the Boone County Prosecutor's Office to be reviewed to determine if criminal charges will also be filed in connection with the Wednesday's murder. Kent Eastwood told local media that the "castle doctrine", part of Indiana's stand your ground law, complicates the case. The "stand your grounds" law gives individuals the right to defend themselves from a home invasion, sometimes using deadly force. Police identified the slain woman as Maria Florinda Rios Perez de Velasquez. She was 32 years old, from Indianapolis, and according to reports, was a Guatemalan immigrant who was a mother of four. Rios Perez, her husband and two other residents arrived at the house shortly before dawn. One of them fired a gun into the woman's head. The residents had called emergency-911 by then to report that a possible break-in was in progress. Police said that officers found Rios Perez dead and determined she and her husband had been "members of the cleaning crew who mistakenly arrived to the wrong address." Police said there was no evidence that a break-in attempt had taken place. The husband identified by the Indianapolis Star, Mauricio Vélazquez, said to an online news website that he and wife believed they were at a correct address and double checked the location before approaching the home. Velazquez, according to The Star, said that the couple was standing on the porch of the house, located in Indianapolis suburb Whitestown when the shooting took place. The police have not identified who they believe is responsible for the shooting, or the identity of the resident. They say the investigation is a "complex and delicate case" that's still evolving. This incident was reminiscent of recent cases where homeowners opened fire at individuals who were mistakenly misidentified as intruders when they arrived at the wrong address. The county prosecutor who is reviewing the Whitestown matter will have to consider an Indiana state statute that allows people to use deadly force in their home to protect themselves when they believe that they are being threatened by an intruder. Steve Gorman, Los Angeles; Himani Sarkar, editing.
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Nasdaq's worst week since April due to AI rally worries, US yields slide
Investors worried about the sustainability and growth of artificial intelligence stocks, while U.S. Treasury rates dipped. The Nasdaq has fallen about 3% this week. Chip stocks and other tech-related shares have also been among the worst performers. As optimism about AI drove markets to new highs, the Nasdaq gained more than half since April when U.S. president Donald Trump announced tariffs. The Financial Times, however, reported earlier this week that Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang warned the U.S. to be prepared for China's victory in the AI race. We're still seeing the AI selloff after our comments... about China winning in the AI race. "You're seeing multiples being re-calibrated in the space. That's where most of the weakness lies," said Michael O'Rourke. Chief market strategist at JonesTrading, Stamford in Connecticut. You could also see it as profit taking. O'Rourke stated that this has been a great year for stocks, particularly in the group. Bitcoin was also down for the last week but was up 2.9% on the day, at $103,197.07. The S&P 500, Dow, and NASDAQ all ended the day higher after reports that progress was being made in the congressional impasse, which is the cause of the longest government shutdown in U.S. History. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose by 74.80, or 0.16 percent, to 46,987.10. The S&P 500 gained 8.49, or 0.13 percent, to 6,728.81. And the Nasdaq Composite dropped by 49.45, or 0.22 percent, to 23,004.54. The MSCI index of global stocks fell by 0.68 points or 0.07% to 913.22. The pan-European STOXX 600 fell by 0.55%. The trade data from China was weaker than expected, demonstrating the impact of Trump's tariffs. Data showed that China's exports fell by 1.1% in October. This was the lowest performance since February. The data chills Asian markets, reminding them of China's dependence on American consumers. U.S. Treasury Yields edged down after new surveys showed deteriorating consumer confidence, partially due to the U.S. Government Shutdown, and investors weighed concerns about debt supply. University of Michigan preliminary consumer sentiment index showed that sentiment dropped to 50.3, its lowest level since 2022. This was due to concerns about the impact of the shutdown on the economy. The drop was primarily due to a dramatic deterioration of respondents' perceptions of the current situation, which fell to its lowest level ever. The yield on the benchmark U.S. 10 year notes dropped 0.2 basis points to 4,091% from 4,093% at late Thursday. The U.S. Dollar fell against the major currencies. Since last week, when Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell admitted the risks of further easing measures, it had mostly firmed. The shutdown prevented the release key economic data. Data signals from surveys indicate a resilience which could support the argument for not cutting interest rates at the Federal Reserve meeting in December. The dollar index fell 0.11% on the day to 99.57. The euro rose 0.14% to $1.1563. The dollar gained 0.25% against the Japanese yen to reach 153.45. Prices recovered after a dip in the middle of the day on hopes that Hungary could use Russian crude oil. Trump also met Hungary's Premier Viktor Orban, at The White House. U.S. crude oil rose by 32 cents, settling at $59.75 per barrel. Brent gained 25 cents, settling at $63.63 per barrel. Gold prices were also higher.
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Argentina's YPF suffers a Q3 loss on taxes
The Argentinean state-controlled energy firm YPF reported a net loss in the third quarter of $198.7 million. This loss was attributed to a deferred taxes charge. The company's adjusted EBITDA, a key measure for industry profitability, was $1.36 billion from July to September. This is down 1% compared to a year ago and in line with the expectations of analysts surveyed by LSEG. YPF reported revenues of $4.64 billion. This is down 12% compared to the same quarter in last year. It was also a little below analyst's $4.76 billion forecast. The company reported that its total hydrocarbon output was down by 6%, to 523.100 barrels of oil per day. Shale oil production has risen by 35% in the last year to an average of 170,000 barrels a day. This represents 70% of total oil production. YPF released a statement separately on Friday stating that shale production had reached a new record of 190,000 bpd in October. YPF’s performance is a key indicator for Argentina’s economy. The country relies on Vaca Muerta to achieve its goal of becoming a net exporter of energy. The massive formation in western Argentina is responsible for 64% the oil production of Argentina, even though it only has 8% under development. This formation is important for the President Javier Milei government. It needs to boost Argentina's dollar reserves to build confidence and increase its energy exports. Refinery utilization in YPF’s downstream business (which includes marketing and refining) was 97%. Domestic fuel volume increased by 3% compared to the second quarter as YPF gained share. (Reporting and editing by Eliana Raszewski, Brendan O'Boyle and Leslie Adler).
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Nasdaq's worst week since April due to AI rally worries, US yields slide
Investors worried about the sustainability and growth of artificial intelligence stocks, while U.S. Treasury rates dipped. The Nasdaq has fallen about 3% this week. Chip stocks and other tech-related shares have also been among the worst performers. As optimism about artificial intelligence drove markets to new highs, the Nasdaq gained more than half since April when U.S. president Donald Trump announced tariffs. The Financial Times, however, reported earlier this week that Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang had warned the U.S. about China's potential to beat it in the AI race. We're still seeing the AI selloff after our comments... about China winning in the AI race. "You're seeing multiples being re-calibrated in the space. That's where most of the weakness lies," said Michael O'Rourke. Chief market strategist at JonesTrading, Stamford in Connecticut. You could also see it as profit taking. O'Rourke stated that this has been a great year for stocks, particularly in the group. Bitcoin was also down this week but last day it rose by 2.09% to $103,197.07. The Dow, S&P 500 and Nasdaq all turned positive late in Friday's session. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose by 74.80, or 0.16 percent, to 46,987.10. The S&P 500 gained 8.49, or 0.13 percent, to 6,728.81. And the Nasdaq Composite dropped by 49.45, or 0.22 percent, to 23,004.54. The MSCI index of global stocks fell by 0.58 points or 0.06% to 914.42. The pan-European STOXX 600 fell by 0.55%. The Shanghai Composite Index and China's blue chip CSI300 Index had both closed Friday with a 0.3% decline. The China trade data was weaker than expected, demonstrating the impact of Trump's tariffs. Data showed that China's exports fell by 1.1% in October. This was the worst performance since the beginning of February. The data shook Asian markets, reminding them how dependent the manufacturing giant is on American consumers. U.S. Treasury rates fell after surveys showed deteriorating consumer confidence, in part due to the U.S. shutdown. Investors also weighed concerns about debt supply. University of Michigan preliminary consumer sentiment index showed that sentiment dropped to 50.3, its lowest level since June 20,22. This was due to concerns about the economic impacts of the government shut down. The drop was primarily due to a dramatic deterioration of respondents' opinions about current conditions. They fell to their lowest ever level. The yield on the benchmark 10-year U.S. notes dropped 0.2 basis points to 4,091% from 4,093% at late Thursday. The U.S. Dollar is expected to finish the week with a roughly flat value. Since last week, when Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell admitted the risks of additional easing measures, the greenback has largely firmed. The U.S. shutdown of the government has prevented key economic data from being released. Data signals from surveys indicate a resilience which could support the argument for not cutting interest rates at the Federal Reserve meeting in December. The dollar index (which measures the greenback versus a basket including the yen, euro and pound sterling) fell by 0.11% on the day to 99.57. Meanwhile, the euro rose 0.14% to $1.1563, while the dollar index was down 0.11%. The dollar gained 0.25% against the Japanese yen to reach 153.45. Oil prices gained. U.S. crude oil rose 32 cents and settled at $59.75 per barrel, while Brent crude gained 25 cents and settled at $63.63. Gold prices were also higher. (Additional reporting in London by Lawrence White and Dhara Raasinghe, Editing by Louise Heavens and Deepa Babington; Edmund Klamann and Louise Heavens)
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European countries support $2.5 billion initiative for protecting Congo rainforest
The French presidency announced at a United Nations climate conference that European nations had backed a plan worth $2.5 billion to save the Congo rainforest. This conservation initiative could steal some of the thunder from Brazil's flagship initiative, which is the host country for COP30. The U.N. Climate talks are being held this year in the Brazilian Amazon to draw attention to the issue of emissions caused by rampant deforestation. The initiative "The Belem Call for the Forests of the Congo Basin", led by France and Gabon, and supported by Germany, Norway and Belgium, was reported on by Thursday, and confirmed later by France. Also, the World Bank, African Development Bank, and European Commission have signed up. The goal is to raise more than $2 billion in the next five-year period, as well as domestic funds from Central African nations, to protect the second largest rainforest on earth. Supporters also said that they would help African nations reduce the deforestation by using technology, training, and partnerships. They aim to end deforestation within the Congo Basin in 2030. The Congo, the Amazon - the world's biggest rainforest - and the Borneo-Mekong-Southeast Asia basin, the third-largest rainforest, all face threats from expanding farm frontiers, logging, mining, and other industries. The Congo Basin rainforest covers at least six central African countries, with the majority of it in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Congo's protection has attracted attention, as it absorbs more greenhouse gases net than any other forest. However, the timing was not in sync with Brazil's agenda for COP30 which places a global fund on the forefront. The Brazilian President Luiz inacio Lula da So has hailed the Tropical Forests Forever Facility as the future of climate financing because it replaces grants by a more scalable model. A diplomat who is familiar with both initiatives said that "in theory, they are both very different." He noted that the TFFF offers annual payments without strings to rainforest nations. The source said that the two rainforest funds competing with each other may not be helpful. Norway pledged an additional $3 billion on Thursday to the TFFF, making it the largest contribution yet. France has said that it is willing to contribute up to 500 millions euros to the Brazilian initiative. Germany promised on Friday a "significant contribution". Reporting by Lisandra paraguassu from Belem, and Simon Jessop from Sao Paulo. Editing by Brad Haynes and Diane Craft.
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Gold prices rise as the dollar weakens and US shutdown fears persist
Gold prices rose Friday, as the dollar softened. The uncertainty surrounding the U.S. shutdown also added to the demand for safe-haven assets. Wall Street indexes are set to suffer sharp weekly drops. As of 3:15 pm, spot gold was up by 0.7%, at $4,005.21 an ounce. ET (2015 GMT). U.S. Gold Futures for December Delivery gained 0.5% and settled at $4,009.80 an ounce. Investors worried about the sustainability of an artificial intelligence rally on Friday as they watched tech-heavy markets continue to fall. Other currency holders can now buy greenback bullion at a lower price. Jim Wyckoff is a senior analyst with Kitco Metals. He said, "The recent price movement suggests that we are putting a floor under the gold and silver prices." As a non-yielding investment, gold tends to do well in environments with low interest rates. The U.S. shutdown delayed the release of the non-farm payrolls data for October. Traders turned to the private sector data which showed that there were job losses in the month of October to gauge the probability of another Federal Reserve rate cut this year. According to CME Group’s FedWatch tool, the markets now expect a rate cut of 25 basis points in December. Industry insiders say that China has begun designing a new licensing regime for rare earths, which could accelerate shipments. However, it is unlikely that the restrictions will be lifted as Washington had hoped. The conflicts have not been resolved, even though trade policy has calmed down a bit. Commerzbank wrote in a report that gold is likely to continue being sought after as a "safe haven". India's gold demand has remained low as the volatile price of gold discouraged buyers. Dealers have responded by offering steep discounts. Silver spot rose 0.9%, to $48.41 an ounce. Palladium rose 1.5% to $1,395.49. Platinum was up 0.1% at $1,543.00. All three metals posted losses for the week. (Reporting from Pablo Sinha, Noel John, and Kavya Baliaraman in Bengaluru. Editing by Sahal Muhammad and Alan Barona.
Iran's ruling class caught between Trump's repression and an economy in trouble
Iran's clerical leadership may find that engaging the "Great Satan" in order to negotiate a nuclear agreement and ease crippling economic sanctions is the lesser evil.
Four Iranian officials have said that despite its deep mistrust for the United States and in particular President Donald Trump, Tehran is growing increasingly worried about public anger at economic hardships escalating into massive protests.
People said that despite the defiant and unyielding rhetoric of Iran's clerical leadership in public, there was a pragmatic desire within Tehran's power corridors to strike a bargain with Washington.
Tehran's fears were exacerbated when Trump revived his "maximum-pressure" campaign from his first term, which aimed to reduce Iran's oil sales to zero by imposing more sanctions. This would bring Iran's fragile economy to its knees.
Masoud Pezeshkian, the president of the Islamic Republic of Iran, has repeatedly emphasized the severity of its economic situation, saying that it was more difficult than the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s. He also pointed this month at the latest round U.S. sanction targeting oil tankers transporting Iranian oil.
According to one of the Iranian officials, leaders are concerned that cutting off diplomatic avenues could further fuel discontent in Iran against Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. This is because he is the final decision maker for the Islamic Republic.
Alex Vatanka is the director of the Middle East Institute's Iran Program in Washington. He said that there was no doubt whatsoever that the man, who has been the supreme leader since 1989, and his foreign policies preferences are the most responsible for the current state of affairs.
Iran's poor economy prompted Khamenei, who was then president of Iran, to back the nuclear deal struck in 2015 with major powers. This led to the lifting of Western sanctions as well as an improvement in economic circumstances. Then-President Trump’s renewed attack on Iran after he withdrew from the nuclear agreement in 2018 squeezed life standards again.
The situation is getting worse every day. I cannot afford to pay rent, bills or clothes for my kids," Alireza Yousefi said, 42, an Isfahan teacher. "Now, even more sanctions make it impossible to survive."
The Iranian Foreign Ministry did not reply to a comment request.
"ON EQUAL TERMS"
Trump, while increasing the pressure on Iran through new sanctions and military threats, also opened the doors to negotiations when he sent a letter to Khamenei suggesting nuclear talks.
Khamenei rejected the offer Wednesday, repeatedly saying that Washington had made excessive demands and that Tehran wouldn't be pushed into negotiations.
In an interview published Thursday, Abbas Araqchi, Iran's top diplomatic official said: "If we negotiate while the other party is exerting maximum pressure on us, we will be in a weaker position and achieve nothing."
He said that "the other side must be convinced of the ineffectiveness of the pressure policy - then we can sit down at the table and negotiate on equal terms."
A senior Iranian official stated that there was no other option but to reach a deal, and it was possible. However, the road ahead was bumpy, given Iran's mistrust of Trump following his abandonment of the 2015 agreement.
Iran's economic collapse has been largely prevented by China, its main oil buyer and one of the few countries still trading with Tehran in spite of sanctions.
According to estimates by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, oil exports dropped after Trump abandoned the nuclear deal, but recovered in recent years. They are expected to generate more than $50 billion of revenue between 2022 and 2023, as Iran finds ways to avoid sanctions.
But uncertainty still looms about the future of exports, as Trump's policy of maximum pressure aims to choke off Iran's crude oil sales by imposing multiple rounds of sanctions against tankers and other entities involved in trade.
PUBLIC ANGER SIMMERS
Iran's rulers also face a series of crises: energy and water shortages; a collapsing dollar; military setbacks for regional allies, and growing fear of an Israeli attack on its nuclear facilities. All of these are exacerbated by Trump's hard stance.
Lack of infrastructure investment, excessive consumption driven by subsidies and declining natural gas production, as well as inefficient irrigation are all contributing to the energy and water sector's problems. This leads to blackouts, and water shortages.
According to foreign exchange websites and officials, the Iranian rial's value has dropped by more than 90 percent against the dollar ever since sanctions were reinstated in 2018.
State media reported that Iranians, worried about Trump's harsh approach, have bought dollars, other hard currency, gold, or cryptocurrency, indicating further weakness in the rial.
State media reported that the price of rice had risen 200% in the past year. Media reports indicate that housing and utility costs in Tehran and other major cities have risen sharply in recent months. They climbed roughly 60%, mainly due to the steep decline of the rial and the rising cost of raw materials.
Some Iranian experts claim that the official inflation rate is over 50%, but it hovers at around 40%. The Statistical Center of Iran has reported a dramatic rise in food costs. In January, the prices of a third of the most essential commodities increased by 40%. They were now more than twice as high as they had been in the previous month.
According to the Tasnim News Agency, Ebrahim Sadeghifar, head of Iran's Institute of Labor and Social Welfare (IILSW), 22%-27% of Iranians are now living below the poverty level.
Last week, Iran's Jomhuri-ye Eslami daily reported that the poverty rate was around 50%.
I can't pay the rent on my carpet shop, or my employees' wages. No one can afford to buy carpets. "If this situation continues, I'll have to layoff my staff," Morteza (39), said over the phone, from Tehran's Grand Bazaar. He gave only his first name.
How can they hope to resolve the economic crisis without talking to Trump? Talk to him, and you will reach an agreement. "You cannot afford to be proud on an empty stomach."
NUCLEAR RED LINE
According to Iranian state media, at least 216 protests took place in Iran during February. These included retirees and workers, as well as students, health professionals, merchants, and healthcare professionals. According to reports, the protests were mainly focused on economic hardships such as low wages and unpaid salaries for months.
Officials fear that a decline in living standards, despite the small scale of most protests, could explode.
One of the four officials who was close to the government said, "The country is a powder-keg and any further economic strains could ignite it."
The officials stated that Iran's ruling class is aware of the possibility of a return of unrest, similar to protests from 2022-2023 over the death of Mahsa Amin in custody or nationwide protests of 2019 over the rise in fuel prices.
Senior Iranian officials said that there were several high-level discussions to discuss the potential of new mass demonstrations and possible measures to prevent them.
Iranian officials, however, said that despite concerns about possible unrest, Tehran would only go so far with any discussions with Trump. They stressed that "excessive requests" such as the dismantling of Iran's nuclear program or conventional missile capability were not on the table.
The senior official stated that "yes, there is concern about increased economic pressure and there are concerns regarding the nation's anger growing, but we cannot give up our right to produce nuclear energy just because Trump wants it."
Ali Vaez is the Iran project director for International Crisis Group. He said that Iran's leaders believed that negotiations with Trump would be a sign of weakness and could lead to more pressure rather than less.
He said: "Ayatollah Khmenei appears to believe that surrendering is the only thing more dangerous than sanctions." (Reporting, Writing and Editing by Parisa Hafezi)
(source: Reuters)