Latest News

Mike Dolan: No silver bullet to solve Fed's inflation problem with the Iran peace deal

The Gulf peace may reduce pump prices but it won't solve the Federal Reserve’s biggest problem. That is, a U.S. Economy that was already overheating prior to the Iran War. Oil prices falling to levels seen before the war could spur demand and increase cost of living fears at a crucial time. This sounds like "damned-if-it does, damned-if-it doesn't" dilemma. Normalizing fuel prices may not solve the Fed's dilemma over inflation and interest rates as quickly as President Donald Trump or the Fed would like. The 'inflation debate' before the conflict was ambiguous, as markets sided with the Fed's guidance for further easing, and viewed the arrival of the new Chair Kevin Warsh to be a dovish message. After the U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran, on February 28, headline inflation forecasts were re-evaluated after a spike in gasoline and crude prices. This was due to the unprecedented closure of Strait of Hormuz which froze a fifth of world oil supplies. The impact of four months of high inflation and a Fed policy meeting that was hawkish last week has been felt: the dollar, the short-term Treasury yields, and futures markets have priced in two rate increases over the next year. Not even the framework agreement between the U.S. and Iran last week has shaken these bets. Reopening Gulf shipping lanes have brought crude prices back to pre-war level, wiping out a 70% rise in only four months. Yet, expectations of rate hikes barely changed.

According to Apollo Chief Economist Torsten Slok, on Wednesday the market narrative has changed from one that sees oil prices as an inflation driver directly to one in which lower energy costs can fuel demand in a hot economy. Slok, pointing out that the link between oil and the yields on two-year Treasury bonds has been broken, wrote: "The narrative now suggests the reopening of Strait of Hormuz could further heat up the economy." There has always been two narratives about the energy shock. It's not clear if a return to the status quo of February will remove inflation or just temporarily lift the brakes on household and business demand. The fact that core inflation rates in January and Feb were already more than one point above the Fed target, a complete reversal in energy prices related to Iran is not enough to solve the problem. The AI investment boom has also brought about additional problems.

The 'PERSISTENT TUG OF WAR' will be tested by the personal consumption expenditures (PCE) reading on Thursday for May. This is the preferred inflation indicator of Fed. Core PCE should have increased to 3.4% annually. Data is from the time before the Iran deal last week, so it will not reflect any impact. U.S. Business Surveys for June showed a rebound from the lows of March, with both composite manufacturing and service indices by S&P Global beating expectations. The pressures on input and output prices remained high.

The stock market continued to soar despite the war, energy shortages and the AI spending frenzy. The Philadelphia Semiconductor Index is up 60% since the Iran War began, and the S&P 500 gained 8%. This adds to the wealth effects?and consumption tailwinds, as bottlenecks are fed through from the surging AI investments. JPMorgan's mid-year forecast raised its S&P500 year-end target, and stated that the next Fed rate increase is higher, even if it comes later than expected, in 2027, rather than now, as futures market prices currently indicate.

JPMorgan strategists, looking at the second half of 2018, wrote that markets will be in a constant tug-of-war between an energy supply shock and still resilient growth. As the growth/inflation balance worsens, the chances of a Goldilocks result diminish -- increasing the case for selective interest rate increases. The return of oil to pre-war prices will be a cause for celebration for most governments and investors. But whether it will make central banks turn the dial 180 degrees is another question. Warsh's desire to reduce the guidance and signaling of future policy directions will complicate matters for the markets. This may cause markets to become more jittery and require a risk premium as the rest of the year progresses. Morgan Stanley's team, for example, believes that this will lead to increased market sensitivity in the future, which could mean greater volatility for short-dated fixed income.

The fog that surrounds everything else may replace the clarity of energy prices.

You like this column? Open Interest (ROI) is your new essential source of global financial commentary. Follow ROI on LinkedIn and X. Listen to the Morning Bid podcast daily on Apple, Spotify or the app. Subscribe to the Morning Bid podcast and hear journalists discussing the latest news in finance and markets seven days a weeks.

(source: Reuters)