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Japan embarks on rare earth search as China tightens supply

Japan embarks on rare earth search as China tightens supply
Japan embarks on rare earth search as China tightens supply

A Japanese mining vessel left on Monday for an atoll coral to explore mud rich in rare earths. This is part of Tokyo’s efforts to reduce its dependence on China as Beijing restricts the supply.

The Chikyu test vessel will be on a month-long mission near Minamitori Island, some 1,900 km (1200 miles) south of Tokyo. This is the first time in the history of mankind that a seabed sludge of rare earths can be continuously lifted from?6km (4 miles) depth onto a ship.

Japan has reduced its dependency on China, as have its Western allies. These minerals are vital for the production of smartphones, military equipment and cars. This effort has become more urgent due to a major diplomatic disagreement with Beijing.

After seven years of preparation we can now begin the confirmation test. Shoichi Ishii said, "It's deeply moving," as the vessel left the port city Shizuoka, on a sunny, bright day with Mount Fuji snow-capped in the background.

He said that if the project is successful, it would have a great impact on diversifying Japan's procurement of rare earth resources. Recovering key minerals 6 km beneath sea level was a significant technological achievement.

The vessel with 130 crew members and researchers is scheduled to return?to the port on February 14th.

It won't be easy to reduce dependence on China

China has banned the export of some minerals that are critical to Japan's military. The Wall Street Journal reported that Beijing has begun to restrict rare-earth exports more broadly.

Japan condemned China's ban on dual-use but refused to comment about reports of a wider ban. China has neither confirmed nor denied the report. Chinese state media have reported that Beijing is weighing this measure.

Sources familiar with the issue have confirmed that the finance ministers of the industrial powers in the Group?of Seven will meet on Monday to discuss the supply of rare-earth elements.

Japan has faced China's anger over?rare Earths before. China halted exports in 2010 after an "incident" near disputed islands of the East China Sea.

Japan's dependence on China has been reduced from 90% to 60% by investing overseas in projects such as the trading house Sojitz's tie up with Australia's Lynas Rare Earths, and promoting rare earths recycling and manufacturing methods that depend less on minerals.

However, the Minamitori Island Project is the first attempt to source rare Earths domestically.

Takahide Kiuchi is the executive economist of Nomura Research Institute.

He said that if the new export controls end up covering many rare earths, Japanese firms will once again try to get away from China. But I don't believe it will be an easy task.

Analysts say that Japan's automotive industry is at risk because it is so dependent on China for?heavy rare earths such as magnets used in electric and hybrid vehicle motors.

LONG-TERM PROJECT

The Japanese government and private firms have been stockpiling the minerals since the 2010 scare. However, they don't disclose the volume.

Several executives at a New Year’s party held for the mining industry in Japan on Wednesday said that they were more prepared than ever to deal with any disruptions. They cited Japan's stockpiles and diversification efforts.

Kazumi Nishikawa is the principal director of economic security in the Trade Ministry. He said that the government must constantly remind businesses to diversify their supply chain.

"Sometimes you know, an event happens, and then the business reacts. But the event ends, and the business forgets." Nishikawa said on this week's China Talk podcast that we must maintain our efforts.

The government's Minamitori Island Project, which has cost 250 million dollars in 40 billion yen since 2018, is a long-term investment.

No production goal has been established and the estimated reserves of the mine have not been revealed. If the trial is successful, full-scale mining will begin in February 2027.

The high cost of mining mud made it uneconomical. If the supply disruption from China continues and more buyers are willing to pay higher price, then this project may become viable within the next few years, according to Kotaro Shiimizu, principal consultant at Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting.

China keeps a close eye on the situation. Ishii stated that a fleet Chinese naval ships were nearby when the ship conducted surveys around the island last June.

He said: "We are deeply disturbed by the intimidatory actions taken." China claimed that its actions were compliant with international law, and called upon Japan to "refrain" from making threats. (Reporting from Yuka Obayashi, Shizuoka. Katya Golubkova in Tokyo. Writing by John Geddie. Editing by William Mallard.)

(source: Reuters)