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China's steel sector is softening, but with resilience: Russell

There are two ways of taking a look at the 1.7% decrease in China's steel output last year.

The first is that it confirms that the world's largest producer of the key commercial metal is now in a developed downtrend, and even more weakness is likely this year.

The second is that the steel industry is actually remarkably resilient in the face of major financial challenges, and that output has been essentially flat at extremely strong levels for the previous 5 years.

Both are basically factual, and show the classic glass half-full or half-empty predicament.

On the half-empty side of the ledger is the truth that China's steel production peaked at 1.065 billion metric tons in 2020, and has actually trended lower ever since, with 2024 output coming in at 1.005 billion tons.

However another way to take a look at China's steel output is that it has been within a 70 million heap variety between 2019 and 2024, which is in fact rather a steady efficiency.

Perhaps the very best way to characterise China's steel production is that it likely has actually peaked, however the decrease up until now has been mild, and output remains relatively high in spite of the well-publicised battles of the world's second-biggest economy considering that the COVID-19 pandemic.

The question then ends up being, what is the likely trajectory for China's steel sector in 2025?

Comparable to other markets, the response remains uncertain and based on aspects yet to come into play, chief amongst them what trade tariffs are put in place by the brand-new administration of U.S. President Donald Trump, who resumed the workplace on Monday.

It's likewise unsure regarding whether 2025 is the year China's. struggling house sector gets back on its feet, or. whether it stays hostage to weak designer balance sheets and. consumer wariness.

A 3rd factor is what will occur to China's steel exports. in 2025, after they struck a nine-year high of 110.72 million tons. in 2024.

This was up 22.7%, or just over 20 million loads, from the. previous year, with the increase helping to balance out some loss of. domestic usage for steel mills.

The volume of Chinese steel striking global markets has actually led. to some consternation among nations such as India, which is. trying to enhance the speed of growth of its own steel sector.

This raises the possibility that China may discover it harder to. boost steel exports in 2025.

But it is worth keeping in mind that not all importing nations are. opposed to buying more steel from China, specifically those. without a domestic steel sector.

BEST-CASE CIRCUMSTANCE

The best-case circumstance for China's steel sector this year is. one where trade tariffs aren't too punitive, the domestic. economy continues to regain momentum and building activity. stabilises, or perhaps even increases.

Under such a situation, the very best result for China's steel. production would be constant output around 1 billion lots.

This also suggests that China's need for iron ore is likely. to stay stable also, although it might alleviate from the record. high of 1.24 billion heaps in 2024.

This is largely because much of the 4.9% rise in imports,. which was comparable to 57.5 million loads, went to replenish. stockpiles instead of fulfill increased need for the crucial steel. raw material.

Port stocks kept an eye on by specialists SteelHome. << SH-TOT-IRONINV > ended in 2015 at 146.85 million heaps, up 32.4. million from the 114.5 million at the end of 2023. It's unlikely that stockpiles will rise again strongly in. 2025, which is most likely to restrict iron ore imports, although if the. down trend in rates of 2024 extends into this year, traders. might be lured to make the most of cheaper products. The views revealed here are those of the author, a columnist.

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(source: Reuters)