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Bond markets in the US and Japan are smashed by inflation and fiscal concerns

The United States' long-term borrowing costs to Japan and Germany reached their highest level in decades on Tuesday as new inflation concerns added to the nagging concern about the fiscal pressures that are facing some of the largest economies around the world. The 30-year bond yields of the United States - the world's most important government bond market - hit their highest level since 2007. Oil prices -- which are up 50% this year -- have risen back above $90 per barrel, causing inflation fears as U.S. - Iran peace hopes fade. In Japan, fears of inflation and the expectation that Japan would hike interest rates by September drove 10-year borrowing costs up to a record high.

In Europe, Germany’s 10-year Bund yield reached its highest level since 2011. French yields also hit their highest level since 2009. And Britain’s 30-year borrowing cost was nearing the peaks that were set in May and marked the highest levels ever since 1998. Bond prices fall when the yield of a bond rises.

Kjersti Haugland is the chief economist of investment bank DNB Carnegie. She said that bond markets have entered a period where inflation and rates are more uncertain, and upside risks are higher. This marks a departure from the low-rate and subdued-inflation post financial crisis period.

She said that the high levels of government debt, especially in Japan, the U.S.A., France, and the UK, coincided with the selling. Analysts said that the competition for capital among AI hyperscalers - the technology giants who are building massive data centres - combined with the rising budget deficits, and in the United States the concern over clear communication by the Federal Reserve under the new chair Kevin Warsh, all contributed to the selling.

The sale of government bonds has ripple effects throughout the economy, since sovereign debt is used to set borrowing costs for businesses and other loans like mortgages.

Financial conditions are also tightened by rising borrowing costs, which could halt the economic growth responsible for stock market record highs.

Entering a danger zone?

U.S. Treasury 10-year yields are currently trading at 4.74% and have previously attracted attention from U.S. officials.

Guy Miller, chief market strategist at Zurich Insurance Group, said: "This is very important not only for the bond markets but also for other financial assets, as any break upwards will likely undermine confidence."

The U.S. Treasury is likely to defend this level given its importance. Treasury."

Analysts believe that the Treasury's unusual choice to sell euros instead of dollars during a recent joint intervention with Japan in order to support a weakening yen indicates it doesn't want to see bond market tensions worsened as a result of foreign central banks selling Treasuries for currency-support operations. Treasury Department data released on Monday showed that foreign holdings of U.S. Treasuries fell in June. The decline was led by Japan, the largest foreign holder of U.S. Bonds, the UK, and China.

The yields of two recent Treasury auctions have also attracted attention. The sale of 10-year bonds cleared at a rate of 4,683%, which is the highest yield in 19 years. And the 30-year bond ended at 5,216%, a peak of 25 years. The rising tariff refunds are putting further pressure on the U.S. public finances, following the Supreme Court's ruling that President Donald Trump was not entitled to impose emergency tariffs last year.

Changes in Japan's dynamics are attracting Japanese investors who are traditionally large buyers of U.S. bonds. This is creating a new headwind on the U.S. Bond Market.

Charu Chanana is the chief investment strategist of Saxo Bank, based in Singapore. She said that Japanese bond yields are at a much more competitive level, and she noted?the fall in Japan's U.S. Bond holdings in June.

Washington cannot assume that foreign demand at yesterday's yields will be sufficient to absorb any additional supply.

Rising yields made the bond market attractive to some investors.

We are short on duration. Christopher Dembik, Pictet's senior investment advisor, said that he did not expect the current bond sale to last. In Europe, where high ?government spending and high debt have weighed on France and ?Britain, concern that climate events will add to spending pressures was also a factor, ?along with inflation and stronger-than-expected growth.

Benjamin Schroeder, senior rates strategist at ING, said that the ECB is not only concerned about oil prices. There's a broader picture of inflation that keeps them hawkish.

The heatwaves in Germany have led to extreme drops in Rhine levels.

(source: Reuters)