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Mike Dolan: The bond market is afraid of the US economy because it has been overstimulated.

The U.S. economic engine is gaining steam despite erratic politics, global conflict and booming business investment. It could overheat. Step back from the daily noise, and it's clear that fiscal generosity, loose financial conditions and booming business investments, as well as near-zero real interest rates, are all fueling the economic engine.

It would be remarkable if inflation returned to target without tightening fiscal or monetary policies. It also explains the stock market's refusal to retreat despite wild swings in single stocks, recent hedge fund stress and gnawing doubts over whether this is the peak of the AI wave. Investors who are pursuing "buy-the-dip" strategies or simply rotating their portfolios between sectors seem reluctant to raise cash. Stock markets are close to new records after major U.S. equity indices gained 50% in the last two years and another 10% during the first half of the year. This is boosting asset wealth of the wealthy cohorts who account for most of the consumer spending that drives the economy. It encourages greater spending from disposable income, and allows companies to pad margins in an upward spiral. Rising bond yields are the only red flag.

The past week, two big numbers were released: the estimated annual profit growth for S&P firms accelerated to almost 50% through the last quarter. And, despite a headline inflation-adjusted number that was not impressive, the nominal U.S. Gross Domestic Product grew at an annualised rate of nearly 8% in the second quarter.

Demand components were strong, despite the 6.3% increase in GDP deflator that was mostly energy related. The nominal GDP growth rate is nearly twice as high as the average over the last 25 years. Consumer spending soared by 3.2% while business equipment investment accelerated at a rate of 15%.

LSEG data show that the annual U.S. profits are growing at a staggering 47%. This is fueled by a frenzy of AI, which has prompted "hyperscalers", who build infrastructure, to spend more than $1 trillion on capital expenditures this year. This is three times higher than the estimate for January and twice what was expected a month earlier. This is due to both the 'blowout quarters of major oil companies and banks as well as stellar technology earnings.

The margin expansion is evident, even with revenue growth at only 14%.

Barclays' readout on the current earnings season revealed that "margins have been driving forces as they reach new heights." The report also highlighted the strength of the energy and technology sectors, along with consumer staples and materials.

TRILLIONS AFTER TRILLIONS

Many factors are at play.

Stephen Jen and Fatih Yalmaz of Eurizon SLJ believe that high energy prices and inflation are not causing the "demand destruction" they would usually cause to lower prices. The consumer is less price sensitive than they were in the past. The scale of fiscal expenditure that is still in place, which does not appear to be reversing, is blamed. They propose a "fiscal stimuli-price-spiral" instead of the "wage-price-spiral" of previous cycles.

The note states that the federal budget is in deficit of over $2 trillion per year, despite AI-related capital expenditures topping $1 trillion. These deficits were further exacerbated by the fiscal bill last year, which included tax cuts and increased spending. Similar deficits are forecast for the next decade.

"Huge and constant transfers by the government have sustained the aggregate demand in the U.S. This has prevented the demand curve from remaining flat, and given corporations and producers greater pricing power. They concluded that these variables were 'all linked. The causality is from fiscal stimulus, to greater pricing, to inflation.

There is also another loop. The top 25% earners can spend more because of rising equity and real estate values. Their asset wealth allows them to continue buying regardless of inflation rates between 3% and 4% or fluctuations in gas prices. Their collective purchasing power allows companies to keep increasing margins. The resulting earnings increase and stock price?windfall also boosts equity wealth for richer households.

Where does it end? The Federal Reserve can do a lot to curb inflationary corporate pricing power. It is not powerless when faced with supply or capex shocks. Two interest rate hikes in the remaining months of the year could cool equity prices, margin expansion, and spending. They also increase the odds of inflation being tamed for asset-poor families.

The bond market may do it if the Fed does not. The opinions here are those expressed by Mike Dolan, who is a columnist at. This column is great! Open Interest (ROI) is your new essential source of global financial commentary. Follow ROI on LinkedIn and X. Listen to the Morning Bid podcast daily on Apple, Spotify or the app. Subscribe to the Morning Bid podcast and hear journalists discussing the latest news in finance and markets seven days a weeks.

(source: Reuters)