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OBITUARY - Former Qatar ruler Sheikh Hamad has died. A moderniser, who took power, Hamad was a former leader of Qatar.

Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa al-Thani died aged 74. He was a moderniser and a powerful leader who took power in 1995, but broke tradition by handing it over to his son, 18 years later.

The Amiri Diwan in Qatar, Qatar's top government body, announced on Sunday that Sheikh Hamad died. The cause of death was not mentioned. It did not mention?the cause of his death.

Sheikh Hamad presided in one of the most significant periods of history of the country, driving a fast transformation of the small desert state, which reshaped the economy, global status and political ambition.

He was a strong, independent personality who explained in his 2013 speech marking his abdication that he wished for a new generation to take charge "with their innovative thoughts and active energies".

Sheikh Hamad was responsible for Qatar's efforts to develop its LNG infrastructure, which allowed the country to export its vast reserves of gas to the global market. This made Qatar one of the largest exporters in the world and laid the foundations of its immense wealth. He founded the?media network Al Jazeera which gave Qatar a voice that was unmatched in Arab politics, and extended its influence beyond the Gulf. He also led the successful bid for the 2022 "soccer World Cup", a move which firmly placed Qatar on the international stage, and accelerated the decade-long infrastructure construction that transformed the capital Doha.

LAYING THE GROUNDWORK OF QATAR'S PART AS A PEACE BROKER In his foreign policy, he carved out a role as a peace broker for Qatar. He mediated talks in conflicts ranging from Lebanon to Yemen to Darfur and maintained ties with both the United States - which hosts U.S. Central Command - and?Iran as well as groups that aligned themselves with it. This balancing act laid a foundation for Qatar's role today in the negotiations between the United States, Iran and its allies.

Qatar, under Sheikh Hamad, played a prominent role in the Arab Spring of 2011, using its resources and influence to support revolutionary movements and Islamists groups throughout the region. Doha's policy was portrayed as a support for the popular demand for political change. However, critics accused Doha -- and Sheikh Hamad - of backing only factions that aligned to its interests, notably groups connected?to?the Muslim Brotherhood. Sheikh Hamad was at odds with other Gulf monarchs, such as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. They viewed these movements negatively and as a threat against regional stability and monarchical authority. Qatar's activism raised its regional profile, but it also?deepened the tensions with neighbours. It left a legacy which continues to influence Gulf politics.

COUP AND ATTEMPTED COUNTER COUP

Sheikh Hamad abdicated to "ensure a smooth transition" and minimise any discord in a family that has a history of palace intrigue.

In 1995, he took power in a bloodless revolution from his father. He survived a counter-coup attempt that analysts attributed to his dad, who had seized power in a similar manner in 1972, by ousting his own cousin.

Sheikha Hamad bint Nasser was one of Sheikh Hamad’s most influential partners in Qatar’s modernisation effort. She developed a profile public that was unusual for the wife of a Gulf leader. Sheikha Moza’s influence was boosted by his efforts to reposition Qatar at home and abroad.

Sheikh Hamad's political and economic reforms, which reshaped the trajectory of the country, were accompanied by parallel initiatives in education, social development, and research.

The emir was 44 when he took over as the leader of the region. He was seen as being less distant than other Gulf Arabs leaders and would often be found in his favourite café at Doha's souq talking to the customers. (Writing by Michael Georgy, Andrew Mills and Emelia Sithole Matarise; Editing by Emelia S. Sithole Matarise)

(source: Reuters)