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US sanctions against Congolese mining companies and armed groups

The United States announced Tuesday sanctions against an armed organization aligned with the Congolese military, as well as two Hong Kong exporters and a Congolese miner over violent acts and the sale critical minerals.

The measures taken by President Donald Trump are the latest in a series of steps to bring peace to the eastern Congo. Rwanda-backed M23 M23 rebels made a rapid advance this year and triggered violence that killed thousands.

The Treasury Department announced that it would sanction the Coalition des Patriotes Resistants Congolais - Forces de Frappe (PARECO - FF), a group of militias it claimed controlled mining sites within the mineral-rich Rubaya region from 2022-2024.

Rubaya is now owned by M23 and produces 15% of all the coltan in the world. This metal is then processed to produce a heat resistant metal known as tantalum, which is highly sought after by manufacturers of mobile phones, computer systems, and other electronics, aerospace, and medical applications.

The Treasury Department has announced new sanctions that restrict trade with U.S. persons and companies. They also target the Congolese Cooperative des Artisanaux Ministres du Congo (CDMC), a company which, according to the Treasury Department, sold minerals smuggled out of PARECO-FF controlled areas, as well as the Hong Kong export companies East Rise Corporation Limited & Star Dragon Corporation Limited.

Unnamed senior U.S. officials said Washington wanted to increase the price of illicit trade in order "to make licit trade more attractive."

The Trump administration is hoping that a future peace deal will bring Western investors in billions of dollars to a region with tantalum and gold deposits, as well as cobalt, lithium, copper and copper.

According to a report published by a U.N. expert group last month, the Congo's Army received support from PARECO FF between late 2024 and 2025.

East Rise and the Congolese Government spokesperson did not respond immediately to comments Tuesday. Star Dragon, CDMC and PARECO-FF were not available for comment.

PEACE TALKS

Jason Stearns is a Congo expert who was surprised to learn that PARECO FF and not M23 had been included in the new mining sanctions. He said this could be a move made in order not to derail the ongoing Doha talks.

Qatar hosts direct talks between Congo M23 and Washington, while Washington hosts talks between Congo Rwanda.

Congo, the United Nations, and Western powers claim that Rwanda supports M23 by sending troops or arms.

Rwanda has denied for years that it helped M23. It says its forces were acting in self defence against the Congolese army and ethnic Hutu armed militiamen who are linked to Rwanda's 1994 genocide.

The senior U.S. Official acknowledged that M23 is involved in the illegal trade of minerals. He also noted that the U.S., as well as the United Nations have already imposed sanctions on M23.

In a January 2013 U.S. announcement, M23 was accused of "committing serious violations of international laws involving the targeting children in situations of conflict in the DRC." These included killings and maimings, sexual violence and abductions, as well as forced displacement.

The report did not mention mineral smuggling.

The Treasury Department imposed sanctions last year on the Alliance Fleuve Congo rebel alliance, which M23 is an integral part of. The Treasury Department has also sanctioned the M23 leadership.

The senior U.S. officials said that the Trump administration’s diplomacy is "progressing". They also stated that sanctions are a means of targeting those who profit from the illegal mineral trade.

The official wanted to make sure that all parties understood there would be a better economic future if U.S. businesses had confidence they could invest into a "stable, peaceful" eastern Congo. (Additional reporting from Ange Adihe Kaongo Writing by Portia Crowe Editing by Robbie Corey Boulet, Chizu Nomiaya and Rosalba OBrien)

(source: Reuters)