Latest News

How might a US-Saudi civil nuclear deal work?

White House National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan will visit Saudi Arabia this weekend for talks expected to touch on a civil nuclear cooperation agreement, one piece of a larger plan Washington hopes will lead to normalization of IsraeliSaudi relations.

Below is a description of the key issues associated with a. U.S.-Saudi civil nuclear deal, what threats and advantages it may. provide the United States and Saudi Arabia, and how it fits within. U.S. efforts to broker Israeli-Saudi reconciliation.

WHAT IS A CIVIL NUCLEAR COOPERATION AGREEMENT?

Under Area 123 of the U.S. Atomic Energy Act of 1954, the. United States may work out agreements to engage in substantial. civil nuclear cooperation with other countries.

It defines nine nonproliferation requirements those states. need to fulfill to keep them from utilizing the innovation to develop. nuclear arms or transfer delicate products to others.

The law stipulates congressional evaluation of such pacts.

WHY DOES SAUDI ARABIA WANT An US NUCLEAR COOPERATION. ARRANGEMENT?

As the world's largest oil exporter, Saudi Arabia initially. glimpse is not an obvious prospect for a nuclear pact typically. focused on constructing power plants to create electricity.

There are 2 reasons Riyadh may wish to do so.

The very first is that under Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's. enthusiastic Vision 2030 reform plan, the kingdom aims to generate. substantial renewable energy and reduce emissions. A minimum of some. of this is anticipated to come from nuclear energy.

Critics cite a second prospective reason: that Riyadh might. wish to establish nuclear knowledge in case it at some point wanted to. acquire nuclear weapons regardless of the safeguards preserved in any. deal with Washington to prevent this.

The Saudi crown prince has long said that if Iran developed. a nuclear weapon, Saudi Arabia would do the same, a stance that. has actually fueled deep concern among arms control advocates and some. U.S. legislators over a possible U.S.-Saudi civil nuclear offer.

The Sunni Muslim kingdom and Shi'ite revolutionary Iran have. been at chances for years.

HOW WOULD THE UNITED STATES BENEFIT FROM A CIVIL NUCLEAR. DEAL WITH SAUDI ARABIA?

There might be strategic and business gains.

The Biden administration has actually made obvious of its hope to. broker a long-shot, multi-part arrangement leading Saudi Arabia. and Israel to stabilize relations. It believes Saudi support for. normalization might hinge partially on striking a civil nuclear offer.

The strategic advantages would be to support Israel's. security, develop a larger coalition versus Iran and strengthen. U.S. ties to one of the most affluent Arab nations at a time when. China is looking for to extend its impact in the Gulf.

The commercial benefit would be to put U.S. industry in a. prime spot to win agreements to develop Saudi nuclear reactor,. as U.S. atomic companies compete with Russia, China and other. countries for international service.

WHAT ARE THE OBSTACLES TO A US-SAUDI CIVIL NUCLEAR OFFER?

A civil nuclear offer is imagined as part of a broader. plan on Israeli-Saudi normalization, something that is. all but unthinkable while the Gaza war raves.

Israel got into the Gaza Strip after Hamas-led shooters on Oct. 7 attacked southern Israeli neighborhoods, eliminating about 1,200. individuals and taking 253 hostages, according to Israeli figures.

The Gaza death toll, health officials in the Hamas-run. seaside enclave state, has risen to more than 35,000 and. poor nutrition is prevalent.

It is tough to imagine the Saudis being willing to stabilize. relations while Palestinians are dying in such numbers.

WHAT IS THE LARGER PACT IN WHICH A NUCLEAR OFFER MIGHT FIGURE?

The United States intends to find a method to offer Saudi Arabia. numerous things it desires - a civil nuclear pact, security. assurances and a pathway toward a Palestinian state - in return. for Riyadh accepting normalize relations with Israel.

Previously this month, seven people knowledgeable about the matter. told the Biden administration and Saudi Arabia were. completing an arrangement for U.S. security warranties and. civilian nuclear assistance to Riyadh.

However, the larger Israel-Saudi normalization imagined as. part of a Middle East grand deal remains elusive.

WHAT ARE A FEW OF THE KEY CONCERNS TO BE EXERCISED IN A. SAUDI-US NUCLEAR DEAL

A crucial issue is whether Washington may accept construct a. uranium enrichment facility on Saudi territory, when it might do. so, and whether Saudi personnel might have access to it or it. would be run entirely by U.S. staff in a black box plan.

Without rigorous safeguards built into a contract, Saudi. Arabia, which has uranium ore, might theoretically utilize an. enrichment facility to produce highly enriched uranium, which,. if purified enough, can yield fissile product for bombs.

Another problem is whether Riyadh would accept make a Saudi. investment in a U.S.-based and U.S.-owned uranium enrichment. plant and to employ U.S. companies to build Saudi nuclear. reactors.