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Argentina is voting to relax glacier protections as it pushes for mining investments

Despite growing protests by environmental groups, Argentine legislators are preparing to pass sweeping amendments that would 'loosen a glacier protection act from 2010'. President Javier Milei is seeking to?unlock millions of dollars worth of mining investment.

The proposed reform is driven by a change in?authority?over glacier protection. The current Glacier Law protects all glaciers that are identified by a scientific inventory. Activities such as oil exploration, mining and infrastructure development in these areas are prohibited.

The bill that the Argentine Senate will debate on Thursday would allow each province to establish its own standards in protecting glaciers and their periglacial environment - often covered with rock debris or high-altitude ice forms. These are important freshwater reserves.

The debate has revealed deep divisions. Some provincial leaders who are eager to attract mining companies argue that Argentina's Constitution grants provinces ownership over natural resources. They should therefore have the right to choose which areas to protect. Environmental groups say that the reform will weaken protections for important water sources. Thirty groups have signed a document arguing that existing law offers a "uniform basis of environmental protection", and that proposed changes will prioritize "economic objectives at the expense of environmental and conservation goals."

Argentina's wine industry, which relies heavily on Andean melting water, said that?any new activities would have to adhere to current regulations and ensure rigorous environmental controls.

Zuccardi is one of the major figures in the wine industry who declined to comment on this article.

The Argentine Wine Corporation, a public-private organization that promotes industry, has said it will review the reform.

'A TRUE ECOCIDE.' The reform is a part of a broader commitment by Milei’s libertarian-led government to “end arbitrary interpretations” of the glacier laws, which they claim have slowed down investment and economic growth. The reform is also in line with Milei's flagship special investment regime (RIGI), which was designed to reduce regulatory hurdles, officials claim, that have discouraged large-scale mining.

The glacier reform aims to?resolve ambiguities which mining companies claim complicate project planning.

In a recent statement, the Argentine Chamber of Mining Companies stated that not all glaciers or periglacial areas - even those covered with rock - are strategic water reserves. Experts should decide this "on a case-by?case basis."

The statement said that "modern mining can operate without affecting the water resources in mountain regions thanks to planning and engineering, as well as permanent monitoring." It added that?the mining sector only accounts for about 1% of the water used in mining regions. Santa Cruz, in Argentina's southern province, is home to the majority of Argentina's icebergs. Mendoza is home to roughly 20%, where water-intensive wine production dominates the economy but mining continues to expand. San Juan, a province with arid conditions that hosts the main copper projects in the country, has about 10%.

Eduardo Sosa is an environmental management expert and former official of Mendoza’s Environment Secretariat. He said that 34 protests were held in the province to defend water resources in 2025. He said that the reform "constitutes an?ecocide.

Sosa stated that "it exposes entire communities in Argentina to the risk of an irreversible mining accident altering the eco-characteristics of a particular region and causing the loss productive activities which depend on mountain waters." The reform will be voted on again in the lower house if it is approved by the Argentine Senate. Milei's Coalition does not hold a majority within either chamber. (Reporting and editing by Cassandra Garrison, Paul Simao, and Lucila Sigal)

(source: Reuters)