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Trump's quest for $1 trillion is unlikely to bring about Saudi-Israeli ties

Donald Trump, the U.S. president, will land in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on Tuesday. He will be welcomed with lavish ceremonies, palaces gilded in gold, and the prospect that $1 trillion worth of investments are in store. The raging Gaza war has prevented him from achieving a goal that he had long desired: Saudi-Israeli normalisation.

Two Gulf sources and an official from the United States said that behind closed doors, U.S. officials were quietly pressuring Israel to agree to a ceasefire immediately in Gaza. This was one of Saudi Arabia’s conditions for resuming normalization talks.

Steve Witkoff, Trump's Middle East envoy, told an Israeli embassy audience in Washington, this week, that he expected to see progress in expanding the Abraham Accords. The Abraham Accords were a series of agreements brokered by Trump during his first term, under which Arab countries including the UAE and Bahrain recognized Israel.

Witkoff stated in a video recording of his speech that "we think we will be making some or many announcements very soon, and we hope they will result in progress by next years." He will be expected to accompany Trump to the Middle East.

Two sources stated that the Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu's opposition to a permanent end to the war and the creation of a Palestinian State makes progress in similar talks with Riyadh very unlikely.

Saudi Arabia doesn't recognize Israel as legitimate. This means that the Middle East’s two most powerful economies and militaries do not have any formal diplomatic relations. Normalising relations would, say supporters of the move, bring stability and prosperity in the region while countering Iran’s influence.

Since the beginning of Israel's Gaza war, establishing ties is especially toxic for Saudi Arabia. It was the birthplace Islam.

According to six sources, including two Saudis and two U.S. government officials, this issue, which was central to bilateral discussions in Trump's term, is now effectively decoupled from other issues of economic and security between Washington and Saudi Arabia. All the people asked to remain anonymous in order to discuss sensitive diplomatic discussions.

Dennis Ross, an ex-U.S. negotiator, said that Saudi Arabia's defacto ruler, Crown Princess Mohammed bin Salman needs to see the Gaza War end, and have a path to a Palestinian State "before he engages in the normalization issue."

According to six sources, Washington and Riyadh are focusing Trump's visit primarily on the economic relationship and other regional issues. Both sides are looking at lucrative investments, such as mega-projects, arms deals, and artificial intelligence.

They said that the approach was cemented during diplomatic discussions between Saudi and U.S. officials before the trip. This is the first official state visit of Trump’s second term.

Trump has stated that he wants to invest a trillion dollars in U.S. firms, building upon the $600 billion commitment made by the crown prince.

The rich kingdom, which is the top oil exporter in the world, knows how to impress guests and secure favors. Sources said the goal is to avoid diplomatic landmines, and possibly, win concessions from Trump regarding the Gaza War and its aftermath.

The Trump administration wants to make this trip a big deal. This means lots of big announcements about deals and collaborations, which can be sold to Americans as good for America", said Robert Mogielnicki. He is a senior resident scholar with the Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington.

He said that "normalizing relations with Israel" was a more difficult task than rolling out a red carpet for Trump and announcing investments deals.

A State Department spokesperson refused to comment on an agreement reached before the trip. Trump, however, "will seek to strengthen the ties between our Arab Gulf partners and the United States during the visits."

The Saudi Government Communications Office did not respond to a comment request.

COURTING the Kingdom

Before Hamas' Oct.7 attack on Israel, which killed 1,200 people, and sparked the devastating Israeli offensive in Gaza - the Crown Prince was finalising a historic diplomatic agreement: A U.S. Defense pact as a trade for Riyadh recognizing Israel.

The scale of Israel’s campaign in Gaza - killing 52,000 and forcing 1.9 million people to flee - forced a pause on the talks. Bin Salman accused Israel's of genocide.

Two Gulf sources claimed that Trump, frustrated by the long-term crisis in Gaza, could use his trip to announce a U.S. plan to end the 18 month war.

They said that the plan could lead to a new transitional government in Gaza and new security arrangements - potentially reshaping region diplomacy, and opening up future normalization discussions.

Axios reports that Trump, in a sign of the importance of the diplomacy, met with Israeli Strategic Affairs Minister Ron Dermer privately on Thursday. They discussed the nuclear and war talks with Iran.

The U.S. State Department didn't immediately answer questions about Trump’s Gaza discussions.

Trump has conspicuously not announced that he will be visiting Israel during his tour of the area. Two diplomats have noted that the U.S. President has not spoken about his "Gaza Riviera plan" which angered the Arab World with its suggestion to resettle the entire Gazan community and U.S. possession of the strip.

Washington took a number positive actions in the lead up to the visit. A Saudi ceasefire in Yemen coincides with an agreement by the United States to stop bombing Houthis. Washington has also separated civil nuclear talks and the normalisation issue.

To bypass the opposition of Congress, the stalled Saudi U.S. Defense Pact was revived as a scaled-down version of security guarantees.

Three sources confirmed that the Trump administration is now taking up these talks along with discussions on a civil nuclear agreement. They cautioned, however, that it would take some time to define the terms.

CHINA INFLUENCE

Trump's Saudi Arabia trip is his second foreign trip after his reelection and first official state visit since his inauguration. He attended the funeral of the pope in Rome. He will also travel to Qatar and the United Arab Emirates.

Diplomats claim that beneath the showmanship and the hype of Trump's visit, lies a calculated U.S. attempt to reassert its influence and reshape the economic alignments of a region in which Beijing, Washington's main economic rival, has steadily increased its foothold within the petrodollar-based system.

Trump's first overseas trip in his first term began in Riyadh where he announced $350 billion of Saudi investments.

Trump has the deepest trust of the Saudi leadership. This is rooted in his close relationship with them during his first term, which was marked by massive arms deals and the steadfast U.S. support for Bin Salman.

Five industry sources confirmed that Saudi Arabia and its Gulf Allies plan to ask Trump to relax U.S. Regulations, which have been deterring foreign investment in the U.S. for years. This is especially true of sectors considered to be part of America's critical national infrastructure.

Saudi ministers are expected to advocate for a business-friendly environment in meetings with U.S. officials. This is especially true at a moment when China is actively courting Gulf capital.

Saudi Arabia will not find it easy to counter China's economic growth, even though this may be the top priority of Trump's foreign policies. China's influence in Saudi Arabia has grown since the launch of Vision 2030. It now dominates sectors such as energy, infrastructure, and renewables. Samia and Humeyra Pakuk reported from Washington, with additional reporting by Alexander Cornwell and Pesha Mahed in Riyadh. Samia and Humeyra also wrote the article. Frank Jack Daniel edited it.

(source: Reuters)