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Andy Home: Copper's Congo-panic says more about copper and Congo than ROI-Copper

Andy Home: Copper's Congo-panic says more about copper and Congo than ROI-Copper
Andy Home: Copper's Congo-panic says more about copper and Congo than ROI-Copper

Doctor Copper had a panic episode last week when the Democratic Republic of Congo banned exports of cobalt and copper concentrates.

On the news, London Metal Exchange (LME), three-month copper jumped to a six-month high at $14,369.50 a metric ton. Cash price reached a record high of $14.453.60 per metric ton as spreads tightened simultaneously.

Despite Congo being the largest supplier of battery metal in the world, there was no reaction from?the CME cobalt prices. Cash cobalt ended Friday at $25.99 a lb, a 0.9% drop on the previous week.

It is easy to understand the cobalt market indifference. Congo does not export cobalt concentrates but rather cobalt hydrxide, a product intermediate that is already subjected to export quotas.

Congo exports very little copper concentrate and focuses instead on refined metal. Kinshasa banned the export of copper concentrate on three occasions in the past, but granted repeated exemptions to miners.

Copper's acute sensitivity at any sign of disruption in supply is the real story here, not Congo's ambition to move further down the value-chain.

Tightening the screws

The copper deposits in Congo are ideally suited to electrowinning. This means that most operators can convert the metal they mine directly into metal. According to StoneX analysts, 82% of Congo's total production last year was produced on-site as refined copper.

Kinshasa, however, has not hidden its intention to process the remaining concentrates itself.

The two first export bans, in 2013 and 2019, failed because the Congo lacked a large-scale smelting capability. Rolling waivers enabled concentrate exports to continue.

The investment from China's state owned mining company CNMC, and Yunnan Copper, enabled the country to get its first modern smelter by 2020. Lualaba's smelter is capable of processing?400,000 tons per year but that amount does not cover Congo's production.

The 2023 ban on exports also included waivers. This was especially true for the "giant Kamoa Kakula mine complex", a joint venture of Ivanhoe Mines and Zijin Mining Group, which began producing in 2021.

Ivanhoe agreed to build a new steel smelter in exchange for the money. This it did. The company reported that the massive plant, which can produce 500,000 tons per year, was put online in January last year. It has been operating at 60% capacity since February.

In the first half 2026, China's copper concentrate imports from Congo dropped by 31% on an annual basis.

Congo's processing deficit should be reduced as the smelter increases. In case this doesn't happen, the new ban allows for "strategic waivers".

SUPPLY SENSITIVITY

Goldman Sachs says that the latest export ban won't have a "material impact" on global copper markets.

It will however tighten a raw materials market that is already under pressure. Smelter processing charges have fallen due to fierce competition in the copper concentrate market.

Copper bulls are accustomed to the smelter pressure, which is why they reacted so strongly to last week's announcement.

London's market is the most sensitive to supply-side disruptions, as it is caught in the middle of China's gravitational pull and the United States, with its even greater force, due to the threat of import tariffs.

LME copper stock has fallen from 401,000 tonnes in early May to just 214,550, with 58% of the total held as cancelled warrants, awaiting actual load-outs from exchange warehouses.

Another 138.408 tons of Copper are in LME off warrant storage. 79% of the shadow stock is at U.S. Ports, ready to be cleared through customs, if the CME Delivery Premium over the?LME increases.

Time-spreads are tightening as a result of the tension in London.

The benchmark cash-to-3-month spread has fallen from its highs of last week, but the outright price of copper is still up. The cash premium has gotten tighter. On Monday, cash premiums reached $171 per ton, the highest since October of last year.

Doctor Copper's panic is unlikely to be the only one if LME stocks continue to?drain away eastwards and westernwards.

Andy Home is a columnist at. This column is great! Open Interest (ROI) is your new essential source of global financial commentary. Follow ROI on LinkedIn and X. Listen to the Morning Bid podcast daily on Apple, Spotify or the app. Subscribe to the Morning Bid podcast and hear journalists discussing the latest news in finance and markets seven days a weeks.

(source: Reuters)