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Leaders of Eastern and Southern African blocs are seeking solutions to the Congo conflict

Leaders of Eastern and Southern African blocs are seeking solutions to the Congo conflict

On Saturday, leaders from the Eastern and Southern African region blocs met in Tanzania to find a resolution to the conflict in eastern Congo. Rwandan-backed fighters have taken over a major city during the worst fighting in a decade.

Last week, M23 rebels captured Goma in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. They have marched southwards towards Bukavu despite announcing an unilateral ceasefire. This rapid offensive has resulted in thousands of deaths and raised fears about a regional conflict.

Sources say that Felix Tshisekedi, the Congolese leader, and Paul Kagame, his Rwandan counterpart, have agreed to attend, although Tshisekedi could call in remotely.

Dar es Salaam will be looking for a breakthrough, after two peace processes have stalled in Luanda (and Nairobi) as tensions increase.

In a Friday report, the Institute for Security Studies in South Africa stated that "given the increased tensions, the immediate priorities are a cessation of hostilities and the opening of supply routes in order to facilitate humanitarian access."

It said that a single, unified peace initiative would prevent Rwanda and (Congo) from forum shopping... favoring mediators perceived as supporting their side.

M23 has made rapid advances in the last month, gaining control of North Kivu's lucrative mines for coltan, tin, and gold. This has led to the uprooting of thousands, in one the most severe humanitarian crises around the world.

As health workers rush to bury at least 2,000 bodies killed in the Battle for Goma before the disease spreads, aid groups are helping relieve overcrowded hospitals.

Volker Turk, the United Nations' chief of human rights, said that prosecutors at the International Criminal Court are closely monitoring reports of rapes, gang-rapes and sexual slavery.

The United States warned against possible sanctions for Rwandan and Congolese officials ahead of the summit. This raised the stakes of finding a resolution to the conflict, which is rooted in long-term fallout of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide and the struggle for Congo's minerals resources.

M23, a well-trained and professionally armed rebel group led by ethnic Tutsi in Congo's volatile eastern region, is the latest of a long list of ethnic Tutsi rebel groups to emerge. Congo's government claims it is a Rwandan proxy group, but the rebel group denies this.

Rwanda denies that it has thousands of troops fighting alongside M23, but claims to be acting in self-defense.

It accuses the Congolese military of joining with Hutu militias, which it claims are intent on killing Tutsis and threatening Rwanda. Kinshasa has been repeatedly urged to directly negotiate with the rebels.

(source: Reuters)