Latest News

Trump's trade threats and tariffs

Donald Trump has been in office since January 20.

The United States has issued numerous tariff threats.

These can be broad - such as a tariff on all imported goods from abroad - or targeted at certain sectors, countries, or regions to try and get them to comply with his demands.

Trump's threats are constantly changing, and other nations and businessmen are unsure of what to expect next.

Here's a summary of Trump’s threats and actions in relation to trade.

BROAD TARIFFS

Trump's vision is based on a gradual roll-out of tariffs that will apply to all U.S. imported goods.

Trump's economics team was tasked earlier this month with developing plans to impose reciprocal tariffs against every country that taxes U.S. imported goods, as well as counteracting non-tariff barriers, such vehicle safety regulations that exclude U.S. automobiles and value added taxes that increase the cost of their products.

In recent decades, tariffs have been reduced to a small fraction of U.S. taxes. Economists claim that Trump's policies are inflationary, as businesses who import goods and pay tariffs will pass on the costs to consumers.

Global trading partners may impose counter-tariffs on U.S. agricultural and energy exports. This could lead to a global trade war that would create uncertainty for investors and businesses.

Specific COUNTRIES

Trump's tariff proposals are aimed at several key trading partners.

MEXICO AND CANADA : Mexico was the U.S.'s largest trading partner in 2024, and Canada ranked second. Trump announced that he would impose tariffs on imports coming from Mexico and Canada, which will go into effect February 4, as a retaliation against migration and the fentanyl trade. The proposed tariffs included 25% on the majority of goods imported from Mexico and Canada with a 10% tariff for energy imports.

Trump suspended the tariffs until March 4 in order to negotiate with these two countries.

Trump said Monday that tariffs against Canadian and Mexican imports were "on schedule and on time" despite efforts made by both countries to improve border security and stop the flow of drugs into the U.S. before a deadline of March 4.

Canada exports mainly crude oil, other energy products and cars and auto parts as part the North American automotive manufacturing chain. Mexico exports a variety of goods to the U.S., including industrial and automotive products.

CHINA: Trump imposed a 10% additional tariff on all Chinese imports to the U.S. which went into effect on 4 February after repeatedly warning Beijing that it wasn't doing enough in order to stop the flow of illegal drugs into the United States.

Trump has said that the EU, and other countries, have alarming trade surpluses. He said that the products of the other countries will be subject to tariffs, or he would demand that they purchase more oil and natural gas from the U.S. despite the fact the U.S.'s gas export capacity has reached its limit.

In a statement released on 14 February, the European Commission stated that the "reciprocal trade policy" was a step backwards.

RUSSIA: Trump threatened to hit Russia and "other participating countries" with tariffs, taxes and sanctions if an agreement to end the conflict in Ukraine was not reached soon.

INDIA/BRICS NATIONS : Indian Prime Minister Narendra modi met with Trump mid-February in Washington and offered to discuss easing tariffs and buying more U.S. gas, oil and combat aircraft. He also discussed possible concessions.

India is the largest trading partner of the United States and imposes a high tariff on U.S. products.

Trump threatened to impose tariffs on the BRICS nations if they didn't agree not to create a new currency.

COLOMBIA - Trump announced that he would impose 25% tariffs on Colombian products after the country refused flights with migrants who were to be deported by the U.S. The two sides reached an agreement.

PRODUCTS

METALS: Trump announced on February 9 that he would impose tariffs on all imports of steel and aluminum used by automakers and aerospace companies as well as in construction and infrastructure.

According to World Bank statistics, the U.S. imports more aluminum than any other country in the world. According to the International Trade Administration, it has been running a steel trade deficit for over a decade. The International Trade Administration reports that it is the world's second-largest steel importer, with over half of its volumes coming from Canada.

Trump ordered on Tuesday a new investigation into the possibility of new tariffs on imports of copper to rebuild U.S. manufacturing of this metal, which is critical for electric vehicles, military equipment, semiconductors, and a variety of consumer goods.

Just over half of the refined petroleum products in the U.S. are produced domestically

Copper

It consumes every year.

SEMICONDUCTORS : Trump stated that tariffs would start at "25%" or more, and increase substantially over a period of one year. However, he did not specify when they will be implemented.

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co, the world's biggest contract chipmaker, produces semiconductors for Nvidia and Apple, among other U.S. customers, and 70% of its revenues in 2024 will come from North American clients.

PHARMACEUTICALS : Imposing tariffs of 25% or more on pharmaceuticals imported could be a burden on Japan. This is the home to major drugmakers like Takeda Astellas Daiichi Sankyo Eisai and Takeda.

India's economy would also be affected, as the U.S. is the largest market for most generic drugmakers in the country. Exports to that country account for 31% of all industry exports.

Trump announced that levies for automobiles could be implemented as early as April 2. For example, the European Union collects a duty of 10% on imported vehicles, which is four times higher than the 2.5% U.S. tariff rate for passenger cars. The U.S. charges a 25% duty on pickup trucks imported from other countries than Mexico and Canada.

Trump also floated the idea that tariffs of up to 100% would be imposed on other vehicles including EVs. In 2024, the automobile industry will account for more than $200 billion in imports from Canada and Mexico. (Reporting and editing by Maju Sam, Lincoln Feast, Seher Dareen and Sriraj Kalluvila in Bengaluru, and Margueritachoy, Anmol Choubey and Anmol Anil in Bengaluru)

(source: Reuters)