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Saudi Crown Prince visits US to discuss defence, AI, and nuclear issues

Saudi Arabia's de-facto ruler will visit the White House on Tuesday for talks with U.S. president Donald Trump. The goal is to expand and deepen longstanding cooperation in oil and security, while also enhancing ties to commerce, technology, and even nuclear energy.

This will be Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's first visit to the U.S. after the killing by Saudi agents of Saudi critic Jamal Khashoggi in Istanbul last year, which caused an international uproar. U.S. Intelligence concluded that MBS had approved the capture or murder of Khashoggi.

The Crown Prince, also known as MBS and widely known for his initials, denied ordering the attack but admitted responsibility in his role as de facto ruler of the Kingdom.

After more than seven years, the largest economy in the world and the top oil producer in the world want to move on.

Trump wants to take advantage of a Saudi Arabian investment pledge worth $600 billion made during Trump's May visit. He avoided mentioning human-rights concerns during his May visit and will likely do so again.

Saudi Arabia's leader wants security guarantees in the face of regional unrest, access to artificial-intelligence technology and progress on a civilian nuke programme.

Aziz Alghashian is a Saudi lecturer in international relations who teaches at Naif Arab University of Security Sciences.

Focus on DEFENCE DEAL

Saudi Arabia and the United States have had a long-standing agreement whereby the Saudi Arabian kingdom sells oil at favorable prices in exchange for security provided by the superpower.

Washington's inaction when Iran attacked oil installations in Saudi Arabia in 2019 shook this equation. In September, Israel's attack on Doha in Qatar in which it claimed to have targeted Hamas militants in Palestine re-emerged as a source of concern.

Trump then signed an executive order to sign a defense pact between the United States and Qatar. Many analysts, regional officials and diplomats believe that the Saudis are going to get something similar.

Saudi Arabia sought to have a recent defence pact approved by the U.S. Congress during recent negotiations. Washington, however, has put a condition on this: normalizing relations between the kingdom and Israel.

Riyadh, in turn, has linked this to the commitment of Israel's right-wing government to the creation of a Palestinian state. Benjamin Netanyahu, the Israeli Prime Minister who, after two years war, agreed to a ceasefire in Gaza mediated by Trump last month, reaffirmed on Sunday his opposition to Palestinian statehood.

A Trump executive agreement on defence, similar to the one with Qatar, would not be the defense agreement that the Saudis are seeking. Alghashian, however, said that it would be "a step along the way, a part of the processes, not the ending of the processes." One Western diplomat in the Gulf summarized the dynamics: "Trump wants to normalize and Saudi Arabia wants a full-fledged defence pact but the circumstances do not allow." Both sides are likely to get less than what they wanted in the end. That's diplomacy."

Dennis Ross, former Middle East negotiator for Democratic, Republican and now the Washington Institute for Near East Policy said that he expected an executive order calling for the U.S. to consult with the Saudis on "what to do to respond to the threat", but not to commit Washington to come to Riyadh's defence.

He said that this could include a variety of assistance including replacing weapons, deploying defensive rocket batteries such as THAAD and Patriot, or deploying marines with naval forces.

DEALS KEY IN REGIONAL RIVALRY

Riyadh also pushed for deals on nuclear energy and artificial Intelligence as part of its ambitious Vision 2030 Plan to diversify the economy and improve its position in relation to rivals.

The approval of advanced computer chips is crucial to the Kingdom's plans to compete with United Arab Emirates which signed a multi-billion dollar data centre deal in the United States in June, giving it access to high end chips.

MBS wants to reach an agreement with Washington to develop a Saudi civil nuclear programme as part of his efforts to diversify away from oil.

A deal like this would give Saudi Arabia access to U.S. security and nuclear technology, as well as allowing it to compete with its traditional enemy Iran and the UAE.

The Saudis refused to accept a U.S. clause that would have prohibited the enrichment of uranium and the reprocessing of spent fuel, both possible paths to making a nuclear bomb.

Ross said that he was expecting an announcement on nuclear energy or at least progress in reaching one. (Reporting from Riyadh by Timour Azhari; Editing by Cynthia Osterman).

(source: Reuters)