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What impact could persistently high oil price have on India's fragile economy?

The external balance of India and its government finances may be affected if oil prices remain high for a long time, according to economists. This is because the Iran War will increase the cost of oil imports and the subsidies required to keep key commodities affordable.

India is considered one of the most vulnerable countries to an oil shock because it imports almost 90% of its crude and about 50% of its natural gas. India imports more than?half? of its crude from the Middle East where the U.S./Israeli war against Iran has disrupted export flows. India's oil reserves are currently only enough to last 20-25 days.

The gas shortages are already affecting industries and consumers. Iran has also threatened a long-term conflict with oil at $200 per barrel.

The South Asian nation may also experience a sharp decline in growth and an increase in inflation if oil prices remain at $100 per barrel for a period of 12 months.

In its last monthly report, the government warned that a prolonged crisis would increase the current account deficit of the country, weaken the rupee, and fuel inflation.

Current Account Deficit

India's deficit in the current account would have the most immediate effect. The rupee has fallen to a new record low due to this concern, and the central bank was forced to sell its dollars.

The rating agency ICRA stated in a report that a $100 average barrel price would increase the current account deficit from 0.7% to 0.8% of GDP projected for 2026/27, to 1.9%-2.2%.

India's current-account deficit reached 2% for the last time in 2022. The financial year of India runs from April 1 to March 31,

FISCAL DEFICIT

Elara Securities, a Mumbai-based brokerage firm, estimates that the federal government's annual spending could rise by 3.6 trillion rupees (about 39 billion dollars) if oil prices remain at $100 per barrel.

According to the budget for the year that was presented in February, the government estimates its total expenditures at 53.5 trillion rupees.

Subsidies for fertilisers would be a key expenditure to ensure that farmers can afford the essential input.

Elara Securities stated that at an average price per barrel of $100, fertiliser subsides could increase by 200 billion rupees. The government may also have to compensate oil companies for keeping retail prices low.

Although retail fuel prices are technically deregulated, Indian oil companies tend to delay price changes in economic hardship.

The government targets a fiscal surplus of 4.3% for 2026/27.

Elara Securities stated that if the government chooses to maintain this deficit, they may be forced to reduce long-term spending on infrastructure, which is used to boost jobs and growth.

GROWTH AND INCLINATION IMPACT

The Indian economy will?grow by more than 7% next year. This is on top of the 7.6% growth forecast for the current year.

In a report published on March 7, the State Bank of India's research department stated that if oil prices remain near $100 per barrel for the rest of the financial year, GDP could drop to 6.6%, and inflation to 4.1%. It said that if oil prices were to average $130 per barrel, GDP growth could fall to 6%.

Sanjay Malhotra, Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, said that India's economy was in a phase of "Goldilocks".

Inflation is low, despite the strong growth, and was only 2.75 percent in January. This is close to the lower limit of the central banks comfort zone of 2%-6%.

(source: Reuters)