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What is Patriot missile system? Why are the supplies running out worldwide?

The U.S. Patriot system, first used in 1991 in the Gulf War, has seen a sharp increase in demand this year. Supplies of interceptors have been depleted due to the war in the Middle East and Ukraine's fight against the Russian invasion.

Ukraine urgently seeks more Patriot interceptors to defend itself against the nightly barrages of Russian ballistic rocket strikes. The Iran War has depleted the arsenals of the U.S., the Gulf and some European countries.

Here are some details on the Patriot air defense system, which is one of the most sophisticated weapons in the U.S. arsenal.

What is the Patriot System?

Patriot is a mobile air-to-surface missile defense system that was developed by Raytheon Technologies. It can be used at any distance and in any weather.

The Patriot system, which was developed in the 1980s and modernized during the last decade, has expanded its capabilities. The Patriot system is expected to be in service until 2048.

A typical battery consists of radar and control systems as well as a power unit and launchers. The system is capable of intercepting?aircrafts, tactical ballistics missiles and cruises missiles depending on the interceptor.

What can the Patriot System do?

The capabilities of the system vary depending on which interceptor is used.

The PAC-2 uses a?blast fragmentation' warhead which detonates near a target. However, the PAC-3 missile family uses a more precise "hit to kill" technology in order to collide physically with the target.

Raytheon manufactures the PAC-2 GEM - T interceptor which is capable of defeating smaller, shorter-range ballistic missiles, cruise -missiles or enemy aircraft. Lockheed Martin is the largest arms manufacturer in the world. They build the more advanced PAC-3 Missile Segment Improvement (MSE), a missile that can be used to hit cruise missiles and hypersonics as well as longer-range missiles.

Lockheed announced a new interceptor in July. The PAC-3 Adapted?Effector? (ACE) will be half the price and still target short-range missiles, aircraft, and cruise missiles.

NATO reported in 2015 that the radar system has a range?over 150km (93miles) and is capable of tracking up to 100 targets at once.

The Patriot system was not designed originally to intercept hypersonic missiles, but in May 2023, the U.S. confirmed that Ukraine used it to shoot down the Russian Kinzhal, which Moscow claims to be hypersonic.

The number of targets that Patriot systems have destroyed is closely guarded by countries, though Ukraine reported in January that it had destroyed 250, including 140 missiles. Patriot also destroyed dozens Iranian ballistic missiles, but details were not released.

HOW WIDELY is it used?

According to its website, Raytheon has delivered more than 240 Patriot Fire units. Raytheon, Lockheed and other companies have produced thousands of interceptor missiles.

According to Raytheon's statistics, 19 countries are now using the Patriot system. These include the U.S.A., Germany Poland Ukraine, Japan, Qatar and Saudi Arabia. Sixteen countries have the newest PAC-3 MSE rockets. Six to eight nations have asked for additional missiles to replenish depleted stock.

How much does it cost?

According to the Center for?Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), a newly produced?Patriot single battery costs more than $1 billion. This includes $400 million for a system and $690 for missiles.

Patriot PAC-3 missile interceptors cost between $4 and $5 million each.

Why are supplies dwindling?

CSIS does not release specific inventory numbers, but estimates that 65% of U.S. Patriot interceptors were used between February and July. There are now less than 850 interceptors left, compared to 2,330 at the start of the "Iran War".

Experts say that the Gulf States' current inventories are also depleted and that several European countries have sent some of their supplies to Ukraine.

Saudi Arabia has used up to 86% of the 2,800 PAC-3 missiles it had in its arsenal in the first 38 combat days, and only 400 missiles remain in April. CSIS reported that other Gulf countries also used similar quantities of their stockpiles.

Are countries buying more Patriots to boost inventories?

The U.S. approved the sale of 5,250 interceptors for replenishment to Bahrain, Kuwait Qatar and the United Arab Emirates.

The United States is also pressing ahead with talks on allowing Ukraine to make Patriot interceptor missiles, even after President Donald Trump cast doubt on such a deal. Sources familiar with the talks said that even though President Donald Trump questioned such a deal they are still pressing forward with discussions on allowing Ukraine make Patriot interceptors. Sources familiar with the discussions said that Ukraine could build certain components to be assembled elsewhere in Europe.

Lockheed Martin was awarded a contract by the U.S. Army last month for Patriot interceptor missiles. The contract is worth up to $58,6 billion. (Reporting from Andrea Shalal, Washington; and Jesus Calero, Gdansk. Editing by Susan Fenton.)

(source: Reuters)