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What is Patriot missile system? How does it help Ukraine?

Boris Pistorius, German Defence Minister, will discuss with Pete Hegseth, U.S. Secretary for Defence of Defence in Washington the possibility that Germany could pay for American Patriot air defense systems for Ukraine.

Donald Trump, the U.S. president, said on Sunday that the U.S. will send an unspecified number of Patriots into Ukraine and the European Union will pay for them.

The Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskiy asked for additional defensive capabilities including Patriot missiles and systems to counter daily Russian missile and drone attacks.

Here are some important facts about the Patriot

What is the Patriot System?

The Patriot is a mobile air-to-air missile defense system that was developed by Raytheon Technologies. Its full name is Phased Array Tracking Radar to Intercept on Target.

The system has been in use since the 1980s and is considered to be one of the most sophisticated air defence systems available in the U.S.

A typical battery consists of radar and control systems as well as a power unit and launchers. The system can intercept cruise missiles or tactical ballistic missiles depending on which interceptor is used.

How does the Patriot work?

The capabilities of the system vary depending on which interceptor is used.

The PAC-2 uses a blast fragmentation warhead which detonates near the target. However, the PAC-3 missiles use a more precise technology that directly hits the target.

Although it is unclear what type of Patriot systems Ukraine has received, it is likely to have at least some of its newer PAC-3 CRI interceptors.

NATO reported in 2015 that the radar system has a range exceeding 150 km (93 mi).

The Patriot missile was originally not designed to intercept hypersonic weapons, and Raytheon is yet to confirm if the Patriot is capable of doing so. However, the U.S. confirmed in May 2023 that Ukraine used the Patriot to shoot down the Russian Kinzhal, which Moscow claims to be hypersonic.

Raytheon's website reports that since January 2015 the Patriot has intercepted over 150 ballistic missiles during combat operations.

HOW WIDELY is it used?

According to its website, Raytheon has delivered more than 240 Patriot Fire Units.

According to Raytheon these have been shipped into 19 countries including the U.S.A., Germany Poland, Ukraine Japan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt.

Axios reported in January that the U.S. transferred 90 Patriot interceptors to Ukraine from Israel.

How much does it cost?

According to the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a newly produced Patriot battery costs more than $1 billion. This includes $400 million for a system and $690 for missiles.

CSIS estimates that Patriot interceptors cost around $4 million each.

Why does Ukraine want more patriots?

Kyiv continues to ask its Western allies for additional air defence systems in order to protect civilian infrastructure from Russian drone and missile attacks.

Patriots can be an expensive way to take out low-budget drones, even though they are effective in intercepting missiles and planes. Officials in Ukraine say that they are still essential for defending critical targets against Russia's increasing long-range attacks.

Russia claims that it views the Patriots as an escalation. Maria Zakharova, a spokeswoman for the Foreign Ministry, said in May that providing more systems to Ukraine could delay peace. (Reporting and editing by Isabel Demetz, Jesus Calero)

(source: Reuters)