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Eastern and Southern African leaders look for a way out of Congo Conflict

Eastern and Southern African leaders look for a way out of Congo Conflict

The leaders of the Eastern and Southern African region met on Saturday for an unprecedented summit to find a resolution to a conflict in east Congo. Rapid advances by Rwandan-backed rebellions since January have sparked fears of a larger war.

M23 rebels captured Goma last week, the largest town in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. This was the worst fighting in over a decade and thousands of people were killed. They have marched southwards towards Bukavu despite announcing an unilateral ceasefire.

Paul Kagame of Rwanda, and other presidents gathered on the stage to begin the talks in Dar es Salaam. Congo's Felix Tshisekedi attended via video link.

At the opening ceremony, President Samia Suluhu Hassan of Tanzania said: "History is going to judge us harshly for remaining silent and watching the situation worsen day by day."

The first-ever meeting of the Eastern and Southern African blocs shows the continent's deep concern about the crisis in Congo and the standoff with Rwanda, the neighbouring country. Rwanda denies accusations that it fuels the conflict by using its own troops and arms.

Experts and diplomats say that the two groups have been divided on the conflict so far. The eastern bloc is closer to Rwanda and its call for dialogue, while the southern countries are more supportive of Congo and are angry about the deaths and injuries of peacekeepers.

Leaders are looking for a breakthrough, after two peace processes in Luanda (and Nairobi) stalled due to tensions escalating.

The foreign ministers of the blocs have suggested that the summit call for a ceasefire and an unconditional truce, as well as the reopening the Goma Airport and other important routes to deliver urgently needed aid.

M23 has been advancing at lightning speed in the last month to gain control of North Kivu's lucrative mines for coltan, tin, and gold. This has led to the uprooting of thousands, in one the most severe humanitarian crises around the world.

As health workers rush to bury at least 2,000 bodies killed in the Battle for Goma before the disease spreads, aid groups are helping relieve overcrowded hospitals.

According to the U.N. Human rights office, the International Criminal Court prosecutor says they are closely watching the bloodshed where reports of rapes, gang-rapes and sexual slavery are being reported.

The United States warned against possible sanctions for Rwandan and Congolese officials ahead of the summit. This raised the stakes of finding a resolution to the conflict, which is rooted in long-term fallout of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide and the struggle for Congo's minerals resources.

Well-trained, well-armed and professional M23 is the latest of a long list of rebel groups led by ethnic Tutsi in Congo's volatile eastern region. Congo's government claims it is a Rwandan proxy group, but the rebel group denies this.

Rwanda denies accusations that its troops, allegedly thousands in number, are fighting with M23. It says that it is protecting itself from the threat of a Hutu militia which, it claims, is fighting with the Congolese army.

(source: Reuters)