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How would Venezuela's military react to an attack by the US?

Donald Trump, the U.S. president, said that on Saturday airspace surrounding Venezuela and above it should be "closed completely", but he did not give any details. Washington is continuing to increase pressure on President Nicolas Maduro’s government.

Trump has said repeatedly that U.S. attacks on alleged drugs boats in the Caribbean, Pacific and South America, which have claimed the lives of more than 80 people could lead to land action. He has also held a phone call with Maduro, and discussed the possibility of a U.S. trip by Venezuela's president.

WHAT ARE VENEZUELA'S MILITARY CAPABILITIES?

Six sources familiar with Venezuelan capabilities claim that the U.S. army dwarfs Venezuelan's. Venezuelan forces are crippled by low wages, a lack in training and outdated equipment.

Even though Maduro has been in power since 2013 and enjoys military loyalty, rank-and file soldiers only earn $100 per month in local currency. This is less than a fifth of the amount that studies estimate an average family would need to cover its basic needs.

According to sources, desertions could increase if the U.S. military attacks.

Venezuelan troops have primarily faced unarmed civilians in street protests.

Maduro claimed that 8 million civilians were training to be militia members, but a source said only a few thousand intelligence personnel, supporters of the ruling party and militia members would actually participate in defensive action.

Lacking is the military equipment, which is mostly Russian and old. Caracas purchased 20 Sukhoi jet fighters in the 2000s. However, they are considered inferior to U.S. B-2s. Venezuela also has outdated Russian helicopters, tanks, and shoulder-fired rockets.

How would VENEZUELA respond to an attack?

Sources and documents viewed by us show that Venezuela is planning to mount a guerrilla resistance or create chaos if the U.S. launches an air or ground assault.

High-ranking officials have referred to the response publicly, but without providing details. They refer to it by calling it "prolonged opposition", which would involve small military groups at over 280 locations committing acts of sabotage or other guerrilla techniques.

Venezuela's 5,000 Russian Igla missiles have been deployed. Maduro praised them recently on Venezuelan state television. Sources said that military orders were given for units to disperse in different locations and hide if an attack occurs.

Sources say that the second strategy, which is called "anarchization", and which officials are not aware of, uses intelligence services to use armed supporters of the ruling party in order to cause chaos in Caracas, and thus make Venezuela ungoverned.

DO YOU KNOW IF THERE ARE OTHER ARMED ACTORS IN VENEZUELA?

The National Liberation Army, a Colombian guerrilla force, operates in the western part of Venezuela. This area is also the center for coca cultivation, the main ingredient of cocaine.

Often, supporters of the ruling party, collectives or colectivos as they are also called, mobilize on motorcycles in order to face protesters. Sometimes they are armed.

Venezuelan opposition groups and NGOs as well as Washington and certain Latin American governments accuse Maduro of having ties with drug trafficking organizations, which are also accused by some of violence.

The Venezuelan government denies any such links, and claims that the U.S. wants to change the regime in Venezuela so as to control its vast oil reserves. (Reporting and Editing by Alexander Smith).

(source: Reuters)