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India struggles to pay for carbon credits produced by its citizens
Carbon markets can assist farmers in adapting Low price of agri credit is a problem Experts urge tighter regulations to protect communities Bhasker Tripathi Many environmental experts believe that allowing companies to purchase credits from projects which lock carbon and then use them to offset emissions will help to protect the environment and to assist developing countries. Carbon credits are being purchased by corporations around the world, including airlines, fashion houses and technology giants. They have spent billions to offset their emissions. Companies label their products as "carbon neutral", and consumers are assured that they will not worsen the climate crisis. While the trade in credits generated by projects such as renewables, agriculture, and forestry reached $2 billion in 2020, they dropped sharply to $723 in 2023, after reports revealed that many of the credits issued to certification organizations were "phantom credit" which did not represent real carbon reductions. This has caused organisations that certify carbon capture projects to be more scrutinizing and delayed in their approval, affecting people like Singh. He said, "It'll happen when it happens." MIDDLEMEN HOLD UP FINANCES UNTIL VERIFICATION Carbon credits can be a great help for both farmers and the planet in a large country like India. 60% of India's land is under cultivation. India generated about 20% of carbon credits in the world, according to a report from the Centre for Science and Environment, a Delhi-based think tank. It had also earned over $650 million through them. The CSE also expressed concern about the effectiveness of carbon capture projects. It said that most of the money was consumed by middlemen, and very little trickled down to the people. The report stated that "the market seems to only work in the interests of project developers, and of course the paraphernalia consultants and auditors." This also means it is ineffective when it comes to real emission reduction. "The communities receive virtually nothing in proceeds and therefore have no stake in any emission reduction program," the report said. Trishant Dev is a carbon expert and an author of the CSE Analysis. He said, "The main issue that needs to be addressed is whether farmers get enough money to adapt or mitigate their practices." He said that the compensation farmers receive at present is not enough. PVS Suryakumar said that there is "so much" greed in the voluntary market for carbon. Everyone from project developers to contractors are rushing to get communities to join the market to make money. According to an executive with an Indian firm that manages carbon assets, who requested anonymity, the certification organizations are taking longer to review the rules and standards they have for projects because of concerns about the credibility, origin and effectiveness of certain credits. According to the executive, it is expensive and takes up to two years for the process of enrolling and selling credits on global markets. INDIA ACTS TO CREATE ITS OWN MARKET Suryakumar said that strict regulation was needed. He said that in the midst of all the confusion surrounding carbon markets, strict regulations and uniform standards are needed to protect the interests of communities. Integrity concerns have been addressed by the Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market, an independent global governance organization. It has launched its Core Carbon Principles standards for certifying project. In August, the ICVCM reported that approximately a third (33%) of carbon credits did not meet its new standard. India is also creating its own marketplaces or registries to generate, validate and sell agricultural credits on an internal basis. Last year, the Indian government announced that it would use its vast resources to create a constant supply of agricultural-based credit to achieve its climate goals. Ritu Bharadwaj is the principal researcher at the International Institute for Environment and Development. She said that the London-based think tank was working with ICVCM and the Indian government to develop a robust market framework for India. Bharadwaj stated that the goal is to make sure "the monitoring and reporting of carbon credits and their verification are accurate, affordable and accessible for farmers, and they prioritize their rights". She said that transparency in the entire credit process - from the verification of the loan to the final sale - would boost market confidence and increase the money farmers receive. In order to achieve this, the Indian market will use a variety of methods. These include crowdsourcing data, such as monitoring, reporting, and verification, directly from communities via smartphones. They may also group farmers into cooperatives in order to increase their bargaining strength, and create a payment system that sends the proceeds directly to the farmers.
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After a drop in approval, Brazilian leader Lula supports the autonomy of Petrobras and the central bank
Luiz Inacio Lula Da Silva, Brazilian President, on Thursday expressed support for non-interference by the government in monetary policies and pricing strategies of Petrobras (the state-owned oil giant), in remarks market-friendly that followed a decline in his approval rating. Lula said at a recent press conference that, if any additional fiscal measures were needed, "we would consider them" in light of the growing concerns on the market about Brazil's increasing public debt. Leftist leader says central bank chief Gabriel Galipolo did "what he felt was necessary" following policymakers raised The key interest rate was raised by 100 basis points on Wednesday to 13.25%. Lula said Galipolo would be able to set conditions for interest rate reductions "at the right time" in his new role as the head of the central bank. Petrobras has been accused of being a terrorist organization. Consideration Lula stressed the fact that it is the company's decision, and not the president, to decide on a hike in diesel prices. Petrobras doesn't have to inform me about fuel price changes. "If Petrobras feels it's important to make a change, they can," he said. A Genial/Quaest poll Released This week, Lula's approval rating fell, with disapproval exceeding approval for the very first time in over two years. The reasons were rising food prices and concerns about increased taxes, as well as volatility on financial markets. Lula, when asked what steps could be taken to reduce food inflation, ruled out any that would lead to a black-market. He said that the best thing to do was to increase production. The Brazilian real recovered some of its earlier losses following Lula's comments, trading down 0.4% against U.S. dollars, while the benchmark Bovespa index continued to gain, rising by 1.8%. (Reporting and writing by Lisandra paraguassu, Marcela Ayres, editing by Gabriel Araujo & Paul Simao).
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Continental's ContiTech Division to close four factories in Germany
ContiTech, a division of German auto parts supplier Continental, will close four plants, and reduce the size of two more, according to a company announcement on Thursday. This will affect 570 employees. The group is aiming for more than 7,000 cuts in its restructuring plan, which it has been working on since over a month. It aims to save 400 million euro ($417 million), a dollar a day by 2025. ContiTech will close its factories in Bad Blankenburg and Stolzenau, as well the combined sites of Frohburg & Geithain in Germany. The company also said that production at its Hannover-Vahrenwald facility will end in the first quarter of 2026, and the plant will be moved to the Czech Republic. Meanwhile, activities at the site in Hamburg would be reduced. As they battle with low demand, high costs and competition from China, as well as a slower-than-expected transition to electric cars, automotive companies in Europe have announced the closure of plants and large layoffs. Philip Nelles is a member Continental's executive committee and the head of ContiTech. He said: "Developments within the automotive industry as well as in lignite mines in Europe present us with challenges."
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Eskom tariffs will rise less than the requested 12.7%
South Africa's Energy Regulator granted Eskom a 12.7% average increase in tariff for 2025/26. This is a third less than the company requested. Eskom's request for increases of 36% in April, 12% by 2026, and 9% by 2027 prompted opposition during public consultations. Political parties and consumers blamed the poor economy and cost-of-living crises. Eskom must be sustainable in the short-term and long-term. Thembani Bukula is the chairman of Nersa. He said that we must ensure that Eskom's electricity services are affordable. Eskom's request for tens or even hundreds of millions of rands to cover coal contracts, an increased carbon tax and increasing municipal debt is effectively denied by the regulator. Nersa has agreed to increase its rates by 5.36% for the 2026/27 financial year and 6.19% for 2027/28. The Minister of Energy said that the government would work with Eskom in order to increase efficiency and to compensate for the lower-than-requested tariff increases. In a press release, Kgosientsho RAMOKGOPA, the energy minister said that he was pleased with the fact these tariff adjustments took into consideration the need to reduce inflationary pressures for communities and businesses. Eskom announced last month that they expected to report their first annual profit for eight years. This was due to an improved performance in the field and state-funded relief. The company announced earlier on Thursday that it had generated 183.7 billion rand (about $9.9 billion) in revenue during the six-month period ending Sept. 30, an increase of 15.8% on the previous year. Profit after tax increased to 17.8 billion rand, up from a restated loss of 1.6 billion a year ago. $1 = 18.4647 rand (Reporting and editing by Jason Neely, David Goodman and Wendell Roelf)
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Andy Home: Uranium revival brings it back to the forefront of critical issues
Is Uranium a Critical Mineral? The U.S. Geological Survey has decided that it is not a critical mineral. It was removed from the list of critical minerals in 2022 because it wasn't a "fuel-mineral". Donald Trump, the president of the United States, wants you to reconsider. In one of Trump's "Unleashing America's Energy" directives, the Secretary of Interior is required to instruct the Director of the USGS "to consider updating the survey list of critical mineral including the possibility of including uranium." Included on the list, domestic uranium project funding and approvals would be expedited. It is curious that uranium slipped through the legal loophole in the Energy Act of 2020 which states only "non-fuel minerals" can be classified as critical minerals. Uranium checks off many criticality boxes. Uranium is experiencing a dramatic increase in demand. The global supply is highly concentrated, and the United States imports almost all of its uranium. These changing dynamics are reflected in the uranium prices. The frothy rally of last year to a 16-year peak of $106 per lb is over. At $71 per lb today, the price of uranium remains higher than it was in any decade following the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan in 2011. NUCLEAR COMBAT Fukushima forced many countries to reconsider the role nuclear energy plays in their energy mix, but the threat of climate change has brought nuclear back into the spotlight. This affirmation was made at the COP28 Summit in December 2023 when more than twenty countries released the "Declaration to Triple Nuclear Power". The official recognition was that "nuclear energy plays a key role in achieving net-zero global greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2050, and maintaining the 1.5 degree goal within reach." Trump's administration may not be impressed by such green credentials, but Republicans see nuclear energy as an important component of national defense, which is why it has bipartisan support, even if for different reasons. The big tech companies are also excited as they search for more and more power to fuel their data centers. Microsoft signed an agreement with Constellation Energy to help revive a unit at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Plant in Pennsylvania in September. Re-embrace nuclear power is an international trend. According to the International Energy Agency, the generation from nearly 420 nuclear reactors around the world is set to reach new levels in 2025. The IEA reported that 63 reactors were currently being built, which is the most since 1990. Over 60 reactors' lifetimes will also be extended. SHORTAGE OF SUPPLIES As nuclear power is on the rise, uranium is in high demand. The supply of uranium is not keeping up with the rising demand. According to the IEA, a decade of low oil prices has had a negative impact on production, especially in the United States. Production fell from nearly five million lb per year in 2014 to only 21,000 lb by 2021. The global uranium industry is heavily concentrated. According to the World Nuclear Association, Kazakhstan, Canada, and Australia will account for two-thirds or more of the global production in 2022. One of the factors that triggered the price spike in January 2024 was the warning by Kazatomprom of Kazakhstan, the largest producer of sulphuric acids, that it may not be able to meet its production targets because of a lack of sulphuric. Political stress and market stress are often combined. The United States wants to reduce its dependency on Russia in terms of enriched uranium. In 2023, Russian material will account for 27% of enriched uranium supplies to U.S. commercial nuclear reactors. The Joe Biden Administration banned Russian imports. However, there were waivers until 2027. Russia responded by placing restrictions on shipments into the United States. Trump's threats to impose tariffs against Canada, the biggest supplier of uranium for the U.S. Market, further complicates the situation. Going Critical After a decade of hibernation, the uranium markets are re-energized. Last year's price surge was driven by a lot speculative frenzy, with institutional investors like Goldman Sachs as well as retail investment vehicles like Sprott Physical Uranium Trust following the rally. The uranium prices remain historically high. The market has priced in a shortfall of supply relative to the demand from an expanding global fleet nuclear reactors. Many of these projects use leach technology to help fill the gap. The difference between a mineral that is critical and one called a "fuel-mineral" which is becoming increasingly critical will determine how quickly they can activate. The author is a columnist at
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Native Filipinos are hoping carbon credits will protect their forests
Indigenous communities are aiming to reduce deforestation Leaders sign a carbon credit deal protect forests Illegal mining and logging are the main threats By Mariejo Ramos Some Indigenous leaders from the Western Archipelagic Province want to change this by getting investors to buy carbon credits to reduce deforestation. Last month, two ancestral domains in Palawan's Mount Mantalingahan protected landscape of 97,000 acres signed an agreement with Conservation International (CI) and the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples to develop a carbon finance project within their region and reduce deforestation. Panglima Silnay is the leader of the Pala'wan Indigenous Group. He hopes that the long-term conservation efforts can be managed by the members of the community without interference from businesses or individuals who want to exploit the resources. Silnay, a Silnay representative, said that the Pala'wan Indigenous Peoples depend directly on nature to provide food and income. However, Silnay also warned of threats from illegal mining, logging and palm oil plantations, which destroy agriculture and threaten land, as well as climate risk and land grabs. Conservation International reported that despite its protected status, Mount Mantalingahan has lost over 20% of its mangrove and upland forests in the past two decades due to illegal clearing. The Legal Rights and Natural Resources Center, a local conservation group, says that indigenous Filipinos are the main protectors of forests. However, the global boom in energy transition minerals is increasing pressure on Indigenous lands. INDIGENOUS OWNERSHIP The Philippines recognizes Indigenous Filipinos' rights to natural resources on their land, but they struggle to obtain ancestral domain titles which acknowledge their ownership. The new agreement stipulates that the two ancestral domains of Palawan will work together to create a project to measure and verify the amount planet-warming carbon stored and captured by conservation efforts. Wilson Barbon said that the Philippines director of Conservation International stated that the project, the first carbon project in the country owned by Indigenous Peoples, would act as a catalyst for other programmes. He said that the agreement recognized Palawan's Indigenous group as the rightful beneficiaries of the carbon captured by their forests. Barbon stated that "we will only assist them in developing their carbon assets if they build their capacity to manage their own carbon projects on a long-term basis." CARBON CREDITS Carbon trading is still a work in progress and the Philippines has not yet formalised a system for issuing credits to businesses who emit carbon dioxide. The issue of verifying which projects reduce greenhouse gases and how much is a major source of debate around the world. Some activists argue that credits are a way for polluters to continue polluting. Barbon said, "We acknowledge that there are concerns." "Our position is to try and improve the system instead of shutting it down." He hopes that the new Indigenous enterprise will set the standard in carbon credits projects that are strong on biodiversity and community engagement. He said that the project "shows government an example of community-led initiative". It is difficult, but can be done. This can also force the government to create the framework for more community-led initiatives in the future. Silnay took eight years to come up with an agreement on a project for carbon trading. The community must maintain their forest for the next 25-years through forest protection, carbon inventories, land zoning, and other alternatives to destructive slash and burn farming. The carbon credits generated will not generate revenue for the community until next year. However, they will be invested directly in conservation. Conservation International will continue to pay the minimum wage for community members who participate in conservation activities. Indigenous representatives will be responsible for managing the funds generated by the carbon project. The ancestral domain management office of the government will create an annual budget that outlines how carbon credits can spent. Romel Ligo is a pastor who leads the Palawan Indigenous Community. He said that the project can help to resolve the divide among Indigenous leaders about how they should better protect their natural resources. He said that some were lured in by private companies offering short-term work in exchange for the resources.
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Valero Energy's profit beats expectations on lower costs
Valero Energy, a refiner, beat its fourth-quarter revenue and profit estimates on Thursday thanks to lower costs and stable output. The company's shares rose by 1.4% during premarket trading, after it announced that profits in its renewable-diesel division had doubled and costs were down 10.2% compared to a year ago. Analysts at JP Morgan said that Valero’s operational expenses fell in every segment compared to their estimates, except for the Gulf Coast. Analysts noted also that the segments of refining and Renewable Diesel performed better than expected. Analysts at Scotiabank said that the outperformance in refining was due to a combination of increased throughput and higher margins, noting that this was despite an environment with challenging margins during the quarter. Fuel demand is expected to be lower in 2024, as it has decreased across the globe. Valero’s net income dropped by nearly 77% to $281m, or 88c per share. The refinery margins fell by 34.5%. LSEG data shows that the company's throughput was steady at 3 million barrels a day. This helped it to report an adjusted profit of 64 cents a share, exceeding analysts' estimates of 7 cents - a penny per share. The revenue of $30.75 Billion also exceeded expectations of $30.2 Billion. The company announced that it is progressing on its FCC Unit Optimization Project at the St. Charles Refinery, which will allow it to increase the yields of high-valued products. The project will cost approximately $230 million, and it is anticipated to be completed by 2026.
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UK submits plans for cutting emissions to UN climate body
On Thursday, Britain provided further details about its plan to reduce carbon emissions to United Nations Climate Body. It outlined the actions it was taking to reach the ambitious targets set by Prime Minister Keir starmer last year. Starmer announced Britain's climate goals at the UN COP29 summit last year, promising to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 81 percent by 2035. He did not explain how he would achieve these goals. The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC, submission announced by Britain’s climate minister Ed Miliband to Parliament is the official paperwork required by this UN body that keeps track of the targets for each country. The document did not include new policies or sector-by-sector detailed plans. Instead, it summarized the work done by the government to reduce emissions. The submission promised to provide more information in the future. The document stated that "we will provide an updated cross-economy climate plan in due time, detailing all the policy packages for each sector." Many saw the announcement by Britain of more ambitious goals as one of few positives at the COP29 in November, which was overshadowed due to concerns that Donald Trump’s election in the United States might damage international efforts to stop a rise of global temperatures. In a response to the submission, UNFCCC chief Simon Stiell stated that the UK's new bold climate plan puts it in an even better position to capitalize on the boom in climate action. The G20 and other countries around the globe should also follow suit. "No one can afford not to participate." Reporting by William James, edited by Sarah Young and Sachin Ravikumar
Oil prices fluctuate as markets wait for clarity on Trump's tariffs against Canada and Mexico
The oil prices were not much different on Thursday, as the markets prepared for the threat of tariffs from U.S. president Donald Trump against Mexico and Canada, two of United States' largest crude oil suppliers. They also awaited a OPEC+ meeting.
Brent crude futures fell 7 cents or 0.1% to $76.51 per barrel at 0411 GMT. U.S. Crude Futures were barely changed, with a 2 cent increase, or 0.03% to $72.64. On Wednesday, U.S. Crude Futures settled at the lowest price of this year.
Karoline Lavitt, White House spokesperson, told reporters Tuesday that Trump will still follow through on his promise on Saturday to impose tariffs against Canada and Mexico.
Howard Lutnick is Trump's nominee for the Commerce Department. He said that Canada and Mexico could avoid tariffs by closing their borders quickly to fentanyl. Lutnick also promised to slow China's artificial intelligence advancement.
The U.S. crude oil stocks rose 3.46 million barrels during the week. This is in line with the analysts' estimates of a 3.19 million-barrel rise, due to the winter storms which swept across the country.
After the recent U.S. sanctions, traders and calculations show that crude oil exports in Russia's west ports are expected to drop by 8% compared to the January plan, as Moscow increases refining.
Investors also look forward to a meeting of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC+) and its allies scheduled for February 3.
Kazakhstan announced on Wednesday that the OPEC+ group, which includes major oil producers, will discuss Trump's attempts to increase U.S. production of oil and adopt a common stance. Russia is also a part of the OPEC+.
Trump publicly called for OPEC, and its leader, Saudi Arabia to lower oil price, saying that this would put an end to the conflict in Ukraine. He also has a plan to maximize the U.S. production of oil and gas, which is already the largest in the world.
Analysts believe that a price battle between the U.S., OPEC+ and other countries is unlikely because it could hurt both.
In a recent note, analysts at BMI (a division of Fitch Group) said that a price war would see OPEC+ producers increase their output in order to reduce prices and push shale oil production down.
According to them, Brent crude oil could fall below $50 because OPEC+ has the capacity to deploy 5 million barrels per day of spare oil. This would lead to a drop in U.S. shale production and prices. Reporting by Arathy Golubkova and Katya Somasekhar, both in Houston; editing by Sonali and Kim Coghill.
(source: Reuters)