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Russell: China increased its crude stockpiles in October, as oil prices declined.

In October, China's crude oil storage volumes likely increased as a result of robust imports and domestic production outweighing an increase in refinery processes.

According to calculations based upon official data, China's crude oil surplus was 690,000 barrels a day (bpd), up from 570,000 bpd a month earlier.

China's rate of adding crude oil inventories to its reserves is seen as an important factor for the demand of crude oil in the world’s largest importer. It also adds uncertainty to price forecasts.

According to the National Bureau of Statistics, data released on November 14, China's refineries produced 14.94 million barrels per day in October. This is an increase of 6.4% over the same period last year. However, this is down from the previous two-year peak of 15.26 millions bpd achieved in September.

In October, crude imports totaled 11.39 million barrels per day (bpd) while domestic production stood at 4.24 million. This gives a total of 15.63 millions bpd available for refiners.

After subtracting the refinery processing, there are 690 000 bpd of crude oil that can be added to strategic or commercial storages.

China does not reveal the volume of crude oil flowing in or out of strategic and commercial stocks, but it can be estimated by subtracting the amount processed from total crude produced domestically and imported.

Not all the excess crude is likely to have gone into storage. Some of it was processed in plants that are not included in the official data.

Even if you allow for these gaps, however, it's clear that China imported crude oil at a much higher rate from March to July than was necessary to meet its domestic fuel needs.

The surplus crude for the first ten months of the current year is approximately 900,000 barrels per day (bpd), given that the combined imports and domestic production are 15.65 millions bpd. Refinery processing was 14.75 million barrels per day.

The surplus was built up from March, after refiners drew on their inventories for the first time in January and Feburary when they processed crude at a rate that exceeded available crude by approximately 30,000 bpd.

It was the first since September 2023 when the throughput of crude oil from domestic production and imports exceeded the amount imported.

Price Impact

The decline in inventories for 2025 was accompanied by rising oil prices. Brent futures, the benchmark contract, reached their highest level so far this season of $82.63 per barrel on 15 January after steadily increasing from levels of around $70 at the beginning of December.

Since then, crude oil prices have been trending lower with some spikes due to geopolitical tensions like the conflict between Israel & Iran in June.

Brent crude oil ended Monday at $64.20 per barrel, the midpoint of the $60 to $70 range which has been in place since August began.

China's refiners, as well as the authorities in Beijing, don't discuss their strategies publicly, but it is clear that they import more crude oil when they consider prices reasonable and reduce them when prices are too high.

In September, the excess crude fell to 570,000 bpd from 1.10 million in August.

Brent crude reached a six-month-high of $81.40 per barrel on June 23, when the Israel-Iran war was raging.

China's refiners are now buying more crude oil as prices have fallen since June.

China's storage flows are a floor and a ceiling for crude oil prices, which means that China is likely to absorb any global surplus as OPEC+ increases output targets.

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These are the views of the columnist, an author for.

(source: Reuters)