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Data centers forced to become more flexible by the US grid

In times of high demand for electricity, the U.S. tech industry is being pressured to reduce its power consumption. This comes amid growing public concerns that Big Tech's massive energy needs in expanding data centers will'max out' the country's electrical grid.

When utilities and grid operators ask for it, the power industry and its regulators are increasingly pushing tech companies to make a concession that was previously unthinkable - they're asking them to?scale?back their energy consumption in giant server farms called data centers.

The majority of the attempts to make data centres more flexible are in pilot mode. Data centers are under enormous financial pressure to remain on 24 hours a day. The process is complicated and there are many incentives. Heunets, an IT consultant, estimates that when data centers go down it costs technology companies around $9,000 per minute. The goal is to prevent blackouts, and high power bills during peak demand times of the year. Silicon Valley may benefit from increased flexibility to avoid potential crises. This could allow tech companies to win agreements faster for connecting their new data centres. According to a study conducted by EPRI, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), the electricity consumption of data centers will more than quadruple in the next decade, consuming as much as 17% U.S. energy supplies. Chris Wright, U.S. energy secretary, said this week at the CERAWeek Conference in Houston that it is not the electrons on a grid but the ability to meet demand at peaks. When electricity demand is high, the supply must match demand or people will die.

During a winter storm, the Department of Energy instructed data centers on the largest regional grid in the United States - PJM interconnection - that they should run their backup generators so as to release power from the grid.

PJM, the largest data center market in world, projects supply shortages by next year if the demand continues to exceed new supply.

"Finding a flexible management method is the only way we can get through as an industry," said Stu Bresel, chief operating office of PJM interconnection. According to a study released by Duke University’s Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment & Sustainability, taking action when local grids reach their maximum capacity could save $40 to $150 billion over the next decade in capital investments. This would allow households and small business to avoid paying for the build-out of grids for data centers.

Demand response is a practice in the electric industry that allows utilities and grid operators to ask massive server warehouses to reduce their energy consumption. This will ease fears about rising costs and power shortages.

Matt O'Connor is the Chief Investment Officer for International Energy at Carlyle. The company develops and invests data centers.

He said: "I believe we will see and we are already seeing that heavy users of data centers can figure this out and model it into their operations."

TRANSITION PERIOD

In the past, data centers have not participated in demand response. According to industry sources, traditional cloud data centers which store data at a single location must have a "constant and consistent" energy source. Otherwise the data may be compromised. The data centers that are being built to develop artificial intelligence could be more flexible. This would allow for the energy-intensive training of large language models to be moved to other sites.

Companies are now committing to shifting workloads from data centers to other facilities, or using backup power instead of drawing electricity from the grid at peak periods.

Google announced recently contracts with several utilities that will lower the consumption of certain data centers if needed. Nvidia launched an initiative with Emerald AI this week to control and move power consumption from servers warehouses during grid demand spikes.

This week, EPRI also?released an?framework with input from dozens of power companies and?technology firms, including Meta, outlining how data centers can be more flexible. It is hoped that this effort will reduce the time required to connect data centres.

Owners increasingly ask how to make their data centres more flexible. Jennifer Cahill is an associate vice-president at Black & Veatch. The firm's customers include technology and utility companies.

Cahill explained that "you're experiencing a period of transition where everyone would like to make the change, and we are working out how it can be achieved."

(source: Reuters)