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Mike Dolan: US bonds are about to bite stocks.

Investors attribute the rise in U.S. stock and bond yields in recent weeks to the Iran War, inflation, and AI arms race. Some models suggest that higher borrowing costs are now reaching a point where they begin to drag down equities.

The inputs and methods used to calculate equity risk premia (ERP), the excess return promised by investing in equities compared with "risk-free" government bond investments, differ greatly.

Yet,?Societe Generale’s proprietary version (which the bank updated this week) reckons that nominal?U.S. Treasury yields of 4.5% represent a pivotal point in the relative value between asset classes.

The SG team found that the correlation between bond yields and equity prices is not static. This link historically turns negative once bond yields surpass 4.5%. The 10-year Treasury yields briefly broke through this level last week, before hovering just below it on Tuesday.

They wrote: "This means that any increase in bond rates is generally negative for equity markets once U.S. Treasury returns are above 4.5 percent." They added that the ability of U.S. stocks to absorb higher yields on bonds is now limited.

The next steps in the?Iran conflict and the disrupted Strait of Hormuz could be a tipping point for the broader financial markets by midyear.

Since the beginning of the war on February 28, the yield for the 10-year bond has increased by more than fifty basis points. The initial oil shock caused the stock market to judder, but since then it has recovered almost 20%. This is due to a ceasefire in April and an upgrade of AI-related profit forecasts during the U.S. earning season.

Bond yields are spiking this month as U.S. inflation is a hot topic and Federal Reserve officials become more hawkish. Oil analysts do not believe that an immediate end to war will solve all supply issues this year. Central banks are at risk of being forced to tighten their monetary policies by entrenched inflation.

At current levels of long-term bond rates, we could be at a turning point for stocks.

SocGen estimates that the U.S. Equity Risk Premium has fallen to around 3.5%, close to the 3% level where it believes equities are starting to struggle in comparison to more attractive bonds returns.

MODELS AND FRAMEWORKS

The ERP is a measure of the rate at which the U.S. Federal Reserve has raised interest rates since the 2008 banking crash and COVID-19 pandemic. It was also above 7% before the Fed began its rate-hike program in 2022.

For a better understanding of how SG comes up with its figures, consider that the U.S. equity cost has remained over 7.8% for this year. This expected return is equal to the discount rate where the present value for all future dividends equals current index levels.

The SG dividend discount model has four stages. The first three years of earnings are taken from consensus forecasts, the next three from the 10-year earnings growth average; and finally a nine-year linear decline until it reaches what is defined as "perpetual earnings growth" equal to the nominal GDP growth average over the past 10 years.

Even without additional bond yield gains, any sudden drop in these inputs - from a surprise in growth or earnings, for example - would place the ERP in danger.

This is just one model. Other models are already alarming.

JPMorgan's proxy for the ERP, which it sees as the gap between the equity discount rate of the S&P 500 and the real ?10-year Treasury yield, has fallen to ?just 2.2% - a level it says is a new low for the post-financial-crisis period since 2007.

This is 90 basis points lower than JPM's historical long-term average.

The JPM strategist Nikolaos Pantigirtzoglou wrote: "While the bond yields are still some distance above their 2000 trough level, there is less room for a future rise in bond rates to become a problem both from an asset allocation and long-term perspective."

There are obvious differences between the models. JPM uses two-stage discount models and real Treasury yields adjusted for rolling inflation expectations.

Both signals are clear: the AI-driven equity boom will be harder to achieve at current yield levels.

Over the last three years, the AI theme has swept aside a multitude of market concerns. The AI rally will have to work harder if the Iran conflict is not resolved quickly and a simmering inflation and interest rate problem is not addressed.

The opinions expressed are those of Mike Dolan a columnist at. This column is great! Open Interest (ROI) is your new essential source of global financial commentary. Follow ROI on LinkedIn and X. Listen to the Morning Bid podcast daily on Apple, Spotify or the app. Subscribe to the Morning Bid podcast and hear journalists discussing the latest news in finance and markets seven days a weeks.

(source: Reuters)