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South Africans fight against mine rush in biodiversity hotspot

The West Coast of South Africa is facing a mining boom

Rare earth minerals are needed for renewable energy

* Locals protect the environment through legal means (adds details on permit applications in paragraph four).

By Kim Harrisberg

Mining is already taking place on large parts of the coast.

According to civil society group Protect The?West Coast, South Africa's West Coast has been mined and prospected by mining companies for?minerals such as diamonds and rock phosphate. 48 new mining requests were submitted in 2026.

Department of Mineral and Petroleum Resources, DMPR, said that these figures were not the same as its own and stated that it received six applications for prospecting and two applications for mining permits in Western Cape Province. It did not provide figures for the remainder of the West Coast.

In recent months, local groups, including artists, indigenous leaders, and scientists, have launched petitions, legal actions, and campaigns citing the risks associated with mining in the area.

The West Coast is nearing a tipping-point. Mike Schlebach, PTWC's managing director, said that we risk losing birds, wildlife and ecosystems which cannot be recovered.

Solar panels and windmills can use heavy minerals such as zircon and rutile.

According to the International Energy Agency, the demand for these green minerals required in the energy transformation is expected to triple by 2030.

According to PTWC, inland 1,800 square kilometres are reserved for diamond mining. In the Western Cape, up to 2,900 sq kms can be used for prospecting.

A PTWC report stated that the West Coast has been mining for decades and the land equivalent to 5,000 football pitches - or 37.5 square kilometres – is not in an 'environmentally-healthy state.

The sand slopes and open pits are evidence of decades of diamond mining in the region.

The DMPR stated that it couldn't confirm this figure and that certificates of closure were only issued after mining companies completed rehabilitation following an inspection.

According to PTWC, only 10% of the area is protected at present and it is home to over 6,300 endemic animal and plant species.

According to the department, expert studies and recommendations were used to determine if and under what conditions mining companies would be granted an environmental permit.

Peter Carrick, University of Cape Town restoration plantist, said: "We must be very careful with the type of development that occurs and its manner of implementation."

He said, "This is an incredibly beautiful and fragile landscape."

NATURAL HERITAGE

The West Coast is not only rich in biodiversity but also has a lot to offer indigenous groups, small-scale fishermen, and archaeological sites.

Over 200 protesters met this month to oppose the boom in mining in the area. A five-metre-long driftwood sculpture of the gannet bird, made by a local sculptor to represent the fragility and diversity of native bird species.

More than 60,000 people have signed a petition to prevent mining in the area.

Gaob Martinus Fredericks is the leader of indigenous!Ama people (Nama).

"We want to protect our children's livelihoods and our own as well as the natural heritage of our country."

Fishermen's groups reported that they have seen a decline in fish populations over the years as mining has become more common.

You can see the damage this has done to our ecosystems. Carmelita 'Mostert is the chairperson of Coastal Links South Africa small-scale fishermen organisation. She said that snoek (a type of mackerel found in southern hemisphere) runs were fewer.

LEGAL CHALLENGES

According to the constitution of South Africa, any mining company is required to consult with local communities before launching a project. A legal dispute can result if you fail to comply.

In October 2024, PTWC released an app named Ripl to enable people to send their comments, appeals and objections related to mining projects directly to the government and to the mining companies.

They call for an immediate moratorium on any mining that is planned until a complete social and environmental evaluation of the coast has been completed.

(source: Reuters)