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What is known about Indonesia's radioactive contamination

Indonesia detected radioactive contamination in a sprawling area of industrial zones near Jakarta. The zone was found to contain high levels Caesium 137 (Cs-137), an artificial radionuclide.

What we know about the world so far is summarized in these facts:

- Two sites in August were found to have high levels of Cs 137 contamination. Indonesia's Environment Minister now states that the contamination was discovered in approximately 10 locations within the Modern Cikande Industrial Estate which is home to various industries.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States say that Cs-137 can be found in medical devices and gauges. Cs-137 is also a byproduct of nuclear fission in nuclear reactors, and of testing nuclear weapons. Indonesia does not have nuclear weapons or reactors.

The environment minister stated that the radiation reading at some industrial estates in Indonesia is 1,000 microSieverts (or 1 milliSiervert per hour).

The units used to measure radiation are Sieverts. They quantify the amount of radiation that is absorbed by the human tissue. Natural radiation exposure is between 2 milliSievert and 3 milliSiervert.

Exposure to 100mSv per year is the level where any increase in cancer risks is evident. One Sievert (1,000 milliSierverts) cumulatively would cause cancer in 5 of 100 people exposed.

At least nine individuals have been treated due to exposure at the Indonesian Industrial Estate. It's unclear how long the workers or residents were exposed to the contamination and how much they took in while living near the highest levels.

Authorities believe that the metal factory located on the estate is the source of contamination.

The estate was investigated first for contamination following the August discovery by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration that a batch exported from Indonesia to the United States contained Cs-137. The shrimp were processed at the industrial estate.

The FDA stated that the shrimps did not enter U.S. trade. The FDA has derived an intervention level for Cs137 of 68 Bq/kg. This is lower than the level detected in this shipment.

FDA - FDA stated that the product was not a serious hazard for consumers but warned against eating or selling the shrimp imported by this company. The FDA said that avoiding products containing such levels would reduce exposure to low-level radioactivity, which could have adverse health effects with continued exposure.

The Indonesian Industrial Estate is still in operation, but the authorities are closely monitoring it and taking steps to decontaminate.

In January 2020, Indonesian nuclear agency detected Cs137 contamination near a residential area of Serpong, in South Tangerang. (Reporting and editing by Martin Petty, Clarence Fernandez).

(source: Reuters)