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Study says India's export engine is facing carbon headwinds due to the tightening of net-zero regulations

Study says India's export engine is facing carbon headwinds due to the tightening of net-zero regulations

A study released on Thursday by Net Zero Tracker (a coalition of Oxford-based research groups) showed that India's exports were becoming more vulnerable to climate risks. Over two-thirds of shipments outbound are now subject to stricter net-zero regulations.

According to Reserve Bank of India data, India exported goods worth $824.9 Billion in 2024-25. Exports made up about a fifth (or more) of India's gross domestic product.

Carbon border adjustment mechanisms (tariffs on greenhouse gases associated with the production of certain imported products) are being implemented by the UK and European Union to tighten their carbon policies.

Net Zero Tracker stated that "high carbon emissions are quickly becoming a trade threat and India's exported are already being pressured to decarbonise."

"For India, it is clear that the challenge lies in maintaining and growing export competitiveness as well as reducing embodied emission across sectors."

According to Net Zero Tracker, coal is responsible for nearly three-fourths of India's electrical grid. This increases emissions in both goods and services including the IT and professional service sectors.

According to the study, rival exporting nations are supplying the exact same markets with up to 20 times greater efficiency in carbon terms. This is largely because of cleaner energy systems.

India is currently negotiating with its key trading partners including the UK, the U.S. and Canada.

Carbon border adjustment mechanisms set to come into effect in Europe by 2026 could impose tariffs for carbon-intensive imports. This would threaten India's ability to access these markets, according to Net Zero Tracker.

India has committed to reach zero net emissions by 2070. Earlier this year, it released a draft taxonomy for sustainable finance to direct investment to low-carbon industries.

Before the COP30 Climate Summit in Brazil, this November, a new national emission-reduction goal is expected.

(source: Reuters)