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India struggles to pay for carbon credits produced by its citizens

Carbon markets can assist farmers in adapting

Low price of agri credit is a problem

Experts urge tighter regulations to protect communities

Bhasker Tripathi

Many environmental experts believe that allowing companies to purchase credits from projects which lock carbon and then use them to offset emissions will help to protect the environment and to assist developing countries.

Carbon credits are being purchased by corporations around the world, including airlines, fashion houses and technology giants. They have spent billions to offset their emissions.

Companies label their products as "carbon neutral", and consumers are assured that they will not worsen the climate crisis.

While the trade in credits generated by projects such as renewables, agriculture, and forestry reached $2 billion in 2020, they dropped sharply to $723 in 2023, after reports revealed that many of the credits issued to certification organizations were "phantom credit" which did not represent real carbon reductions.

This has caused organisations that certify carbon capture projects to be more scrutinizing and delayed in their approval, affecting people like Singh.

He said, "It'll happen when it happens."

MIDDLEMEN HOLD UP FINANCES UNTIL VERIFICATION

Carbon credits can be a great help for both farmers and the planet in a large country like India. 60% of India's land is under cultivation.

India generated about 20% of carbon credits in the world, according to a report from the Centre for Science and Environment, a Delhi-based think tank. It had also earned over $650 million through them.

The CSE also expressed concern about the effectiveness of carbon capture projects. It said that most of the money was consumed by middlemen, and very little trickled down to the people.

The report stated that "the market seems to only work in the interests of project developers, and of course the paraphernalia consultants and auditors."

This also means it is ineffective when it comes to real emission reduction. "The communities receive virtually nothing in proceeds and therefore have no stake in any emission reduction program," the report said.

Trishant Dev is a carbon expert and an author of the CSE Analysis. He said, "The main issue that needs to be addressed is whether farmers get enough money to adapt or mitigate their practices."

He said that the compensation farmers receive at present is not enough.

PVS Suryakumar said that there is "so much" greed in the voluntary market for carbon. Everyone from project developers to contractors are rushing to get communities to join the market to make money.

According to an executive with an Indian firm that manages carbon assets, who requested anonymity, the certification organizations are taking longer to review the rules and standards they have for projects because of concerns about the credibility, origin and effectiveness of certain credits.

According to the executive, it is expensive and takes up to two years for the process of enrolling and selling credits on global markets.

INDIA ACTS TO CREATE ITS OWN MARKET

Suryakumar said that strict regulation was needed.

He said that in the midst of all the confusion surrounding carbon markets, strict regulations and uniform standards are needed to protect the interests of communities.

Integrity concerns have been addressed by the Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market, an independent global governance organization. It has launched its Core Carbon Principles standards for certifying project.

In August, the ICVCM reported that approximately a third (33%) of carbon credits did not meet its new standard.

India is also creating its own marketplaces or registries to generate, validate and sell agricultural credits on an internal basis. Last year, the Indian government announced that it would use its vast resources to create a constant supply of agricultural-based credit to achieve its climate goals.

Ritu Bharadwaj is the principal researcher at the International Institute for Environment and Development. She said that the London-based think tank was working with ICVCM and the Indian government to develop a robust market framework for India.

Bharadwaj stated that the goal is to make sure "the monitoring and reporting of carbon credits and their verification are accurate, affordable and accessible for farmers, and they prioritize their rights".

She said that transparency in the entire credit process - from the verification of the loan to the final sale - would boost market confidence and increase the money farmers receive.

In order to achieve this, the Indian market will use a variety of methods. These include crowdsourcing data, such as monitoring, reporting, and verification, directly from communities via smartphones. They may also group farmers into cooperatives in order to increase their bargaining strength, and create a payment system that sends the proceeds directly to the farmers.

(source: Reuters)