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US refiners expect first-quarter profits to increase as war increases fuel margins

Fuel margins have reached multi-year highs due to supply disruptions caused by the Middle East war.

After the U.S. and Israeli attacks against Iran, which began on February 28, the refiners' diesel and jet fuel margins were much higher than they had been at the beginning of the year. The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow shipping channel that transports about a quarter of world oil and a significant share of fuel exports. Analysts believe that the bulk of the profits will be realized later in the year.

The shares of major U.S. refining companies such as Valero Energy and Phillips 66 have risen more than 20% this year.

Matthew Blair, a Tudor, Pickering, Holt & Co analyst, said that the biggest margin increase was in distillates.

As barrels that normally move out of the Middle East via the Strait were choked, diesel cracks increased. Analysts said that the already low inventories prior to the global supply shock contributed to the positive outcome. Diesel markets, unlike gasoline, had less spare capacity that could cushion the shock. This left refiners located outside of the Middle East in a better position to capture "incremental" demand.

The crack spread for ultra-low sulfur futures, which is a measure of refinery profit margins, increased by 105% on March 20, reaching a new record high of $86.25 per barrel.

Analysts said that jet fuel margins have also increased since the beginning of the conflict. This is especially true for refineries located on the coast and those focused on exports. Middle East jet fuel exports are a major concern for aviation markets in Asia and Europe.

Gas Prices Jump

The supply disruption also boosted gasoline margins, but to a lesser degree, since profits had been capped earlier in quarter, when refineries were working hard and supplies plentiful.

On March 27, the U.S. crack spread for gasoline futures reached its highest level in over two years. U.S. gasoline prices at the pump topped $4 per gallon for the first month in over three years at the end March, marking the largest monthly increase in decades. According to LSEG estimates, Phillips 66 will report its first refiner earnings this Wednesday. Analysts expect the company to post a loss per share of $0.27, compared to a $0.90 loss per share a few years ago. Houston-based refiner Phillips 66 warned its first-quarter results were affected by the sharp rise in commodity costs, which resulted in nearly $900,000,000 in mark-to market hedging losses.

Hedging is used by companies to protect themselves against fluctuations in oil prices. Analysts claim that these losses are mostly accounting-related, and they could reverse them later. However, they still affected first-quarter results.

Allen Good, Morningstar analyst, says that despite the short-term impact, Phillips 66 is still well-positioned for the long-term - due to its high yield of distillate, which is among the best in the industry. According to LSEG, analysts expect Valero to report a profit per share of $3.15, up from $0.89 a year earlier. Strong Gulf Coast cracks boosted the results of the?San Antonio Texas-based refiner, but its upside was limited due to the closure of its refinery and a fire in Port Arthur, Texas.

LSEG estimates that Marathon Petroleum, which is the largest U.S. refiner in terms of volume, will report a profit per share of $0.86. This compares to a loss per share of $0.24 a year earlier. Analysts note that Marathon is well positioned to 'harvest the benefits of the current environment due to its exposure to U.S. midcontinental and West Coast markets.

Investors are looking for guidance in the months ahead as fuel margins start to show up more clearly in earnings. Analysts believe that U.S. refining companies will benefit from the favorable margins for the next couple of quarters.

Jason Gabelman is an analyst with TD Cowen. He noted that the market would likely be more focused on earnings for the rest of the year.

(source: Reuters)