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The nuclear power plant in the eye of the Ukraine war

Russia said Ukraine struck the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power station controlled by Russian forces three times on Sunday and required the West respond, though Kyiv stated it had absolutely nothing to do with the attacks. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has long alerted of the dangers of a disaster at Zaporizhzhia, Europe's biggest nuclear plant, and urged an end to fighting in the area.

The plant is just 500 km (300 miles) from the website of the world's worst nuclear mishap, the 1986 Chornobyl disaster.

What nuclear product is at the Zaporizhzhia plant, what are the dangers and why are Russia and Ukraine fighting over it?

WHAT IS IT AND WHAT WAS ITS CAPABILITY?

The Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant has 6 Soviet-designed VVER-1000 V-320 water-cooled and water-moderated reactors including Uranium 235. They were all integrated in the 1980s, though the sixth just came online in the mid-1990s after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

All but one of the reactors are in cold shutdown. Reactor system 4 is in hot shutdown, mainly for heating purposes.

IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi states that battling a war around a nuclear plant has actually put nuclear safety and security in continuous jeopardy.

WHAT OCCURRED ON APRIL 7?

Russia's state nuclear corporation, Rosatom, said Ukraine assaulted the plant 3 times on Sunday with drones, initially hurting 3 near a canteen, then assaulting a freight location and then the dome above reactor No. 6.

IAEA professionals at the site went to the 3 places of the attacks and verified there had actually been an attack.

Russian troops engaged what seemed an approaching drone, the IAEA stated. This was followed by a surge near the reactor structure.

While the team up until now has actually not observed any structural damage to systems, structures, and elements essential to nuclear safety or security of the plant, they reported observing minor shallow scorching to the top of the reactor dome roofing system of System 6 and scoring of a concrete piece supporting the primary cosmetics water storage tanks, the IAEA said.

The IAEA did not say directly who was to blame for the attacks.

A Ukrainian intelligence authorities stated Kyiv had nothing to finish with any strikes on the station and suggested they were the work of Russians themselves.

WHAT ARE THE DANGERS?

Russian forces took control of the plant in early March 2022, weeks after invading Ukraine. Unique Russian military systems guard the center and an unit of Russia's state nuclear business, Rosatom, runs the plant.

Nuclear reactors' containment structures like Zaporizhzhia's. are made from steel-lined reinforced concrete designed to. hold up against the effect of a small plane crash so there is little. immediate risk from a minor attack on those structures.

A 1989 study by the U.S. Department of Energy discovered that the. design of containment structure utilized in Zaporizhzia exhibitions. vulnerabilities to the results of an aircraft crash and a. fighter jet crashing downwards into the dome, where the. structure is thinner, might permeate it, triggering concrete. portions and aircraft engine parts to fall within.

External power lines essential to cooling nuclear fuel in. the reactors are a softer possible target. Cooling fuel even in. reactors in cold shutdown is required to prevent a nuclear. disaster.

Considering that the war started the plant has actually lost all external power. 8 times, most just recently in December in 2015, forcing it to. rely on emergency situation diesel generators for power. Water is also. needed to cool fuel.

Pressurised water is used to move heat away from the. reactors even when they are shut down, and pumped water is likewise. used to cool off gotten rid of spent nuclear fuel from the reactors.

Without enough water, or power to pump the water, the fuel. could melt down and the zirconium cladding might release. hydrogen, which can explode.

WHAT ABOUT THE SPENT FUEL?

Besides the reactors, there is likewise a dry invested fuel storage. facility at the site for used nuclear fuel assemblies, and invested. fuel swimming pools at each reactor site that are used to cool off the. used nuclear fuel.

Without water supply to the pools, the water vaporizes and. the temperatures increase, running the risk of a fire that might release a. variety of radioactive isotopes. An emission of hydrogen from an invested fuel pool triggered an. surge at reactor 4 in Japan's Fukushima nuclear catastrophe in. 2011.

WHAT HAPPENS IN A DISASTER?

A crisis of the fuel might activate a fire or surge. that might release a plume of radionuclides into the air which. might then spread over a large location.

The Chornobyl mishap spread Iodine-131, Caesium-134,. Strontium-90 and Caesium-137 throughout parts of northern Ukraine,. Belarus, Russia, northern and central Europe.

Nearly 8.4 million individuals in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. were exposed to radiation, according to the United Nations. Around 50 deaths are straight attributed to the disaster. itself.

However 600,000 liquidators, involved in fire-fighting and. clean-up operations, were exposed to high doses of radiation. Hundreds of thousands were transplanted. There is installing evidence that the health effect of the. Chornobyl catastrophe was far more severe than initially. provided at the time and in the years following the mishap.

Incidence of thyroid cancer in children throughout swathes of. Belarus, Russia and Ukraine increased after the mishap. There. was a much higher occurrence of endocrine conditions, anaemia and. breathing diseases among children in infected areas.

(source: Reuters)