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India's farm insurance is costly for the most vulnerable

India's farm insurance is costly for the most vulnerable

India's crop-insurance leaves farmers vulnerable

Farmers in high-risk zones pay more for their produce

Crop insurance can help farmers to be more resilient

Bhasker Tripathi

The gamble was a failure and he lost almost half of his crop. The insurance money didn't arrive.

"I received my last insurance payout in 2019 and have lost crops almost every year due to low rainfall since then," said Patidar, 49, who farms 5 hectares of land in the Mandsaur District in Madhya Pradesh.

Subsidizing insurance premiums to farmers, the Indian government operates the largest crop insurance program in terms of coverage.

According to an Indian think-tank, the Centre for Science and Environment, farmers in climate-vulnerable areas like Mandsaur face higher insurance premiums and receive lower payouts than farmers in districts with lower risk.

The analysis stated that this undermines the goal of a program which could be a vital tool for building the resilience of farmers.

According to the India's Atlas of Disasters maintained by CSE, climate change has a growing impact on India's crops. In 2024, more than 4,000,000 hectares will be affected by extreme weather conditions, almost double what they were in 2018.

According to Indian government statistics, just under half of India's population - 46%- is employed in agriculture. This sector supports 70% of rural families and generates 16% the GDP of the country.

Patidar was insured for his monsoon crop, but is still waiting to receive a payout. He claims that farmers from neighbouring villages have already received compensation.

"I checked my passbook at the bank and noticed that about 10,000 rupees ($115), was deducted as insurance premium. But to what end?" He asked.

In 2016, the farm insurance program was launched to protect the income of farmers. The goal is to cover 50% of the agricultural land in 2020. However, the most recent official data shows that by 2021, only 30% had been insured.

Amit Khurana, Director of the CSE Programme, said that India's scheme for crop insurance could provide a crucial safety net to farmers who are vulnerable due to climate change.

He said that "farmers need to see the benefit of adopting this system, which will mean those who are vulnerable pay less or nothing for better support".

This is not the case at present. CSE analyzed 2023 monsoon insurance data for 21,5 million farmers in agricultural district classified by the Government as vulnerable to high and very high climate change risks.

The analysis revealed that farmers in districts with very high risk pay premiums 70% higher than those who live in districts of lower risk and 60% more than those living in districts of high-risk.

Farmers in the most vulnerable areas paid more but received less in insurance payouts.

Donthi Narasimha Reddy is a policy expert from the southern state Telangana. He said that the main problem with the insurance scheme was the lack of transparency.

Reddy says that farmers often complain about receiving no compensation after their crops are lost, or that the amount is too small to help.

TECH SOLUTIONS

Khurana, from CSE, suggested that state governments could use technology to improve the efficiency of insurance for farmers.

He gave the example of Andhra Pradesh in the south, which was the first state in India in 2018 to implement a digital survey using satellites and other technology to track crop yields. This complements the physical crop surveys that have been criticized.

D. Venugopal said that the high-quality data combined with the robust weather data provided by our extensive system of weather stations improved transparency and trust.

Venugopal, citing state government data said that greater transparency helped Andhra Pradesh to reduce the amount of farmers' insurance premiums paid by Andhra Pradesh from an average national of around 10%. Federal and state governments cover the remainder.

The Indian government is planning to introduce digital crop surveys across all districts in March 2026.

The government is looking to improve the accuracy of crop yield estimations by using technology, including mobile apps and artificial intelligence.

It hopes that this will improve the efficiency and transparency in crop insurance, and ease the process of settling claims.

For farmers like Patidar from Mandsaur, change is needed now.

(source: Reuters)