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Beijing, historically dry, is it ready for a wetter future?

Beijing, historically dry, is it ready for a wetter future?

Cui Jian, the owner of a rural hotel in Beijing, and his guests were stranded in the rain on a roof during the deadly floods that struck Beijing last month. Rescuers had to battle through metres-high silt and mud to reach them the following day.

Beijing's northern Huairou District and the neighbouring Miyun District received an entire year's rain in just one week. This led to flash floods which devastated entire villages, killing 44 people. It was the worst flood in Beijing since 2012.

Most Huairou villagers were asleep when the authorities issued their most severe weather warning.

In the past, they evacuated tourists, closed scenic areas, and relocated villages. It's good to warn people, but it is a disaster if you don't.

The floods revealed weaknesses in Beijing's rural emergency response infrastructure. Beijing is an urban center surrounded by a number of rural districts.

They also showed how Beijing, a city of 22 million, which has a history of being dry, is not prepared for an increasingly wet climate, according to experts. Forecasters predicted that the Chinese capital would only experience three deluges every 100 years. Climate experts warn of a growing threat to disasters previously unimaginable in scale.

Chinese experts increasingly call for city planners in China to prioritize "ecological resilient" due to the devastating effects of climate changes.

Zhou Jinfeng is the Secretary-General of China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation. He said: "The current understanding and future challenges of climate change are insufficient. This naturally leads to inadequate deployment and planning."

Beijing's city government and China's housing and environment ministries did not reply to faxed comments.

While two Beijing districts devastated by floods in 2023 have issued long-term reconstruction plans prioritising "climate-adaptive city construction" and proposing measures to improve rural flood control systems and upgrade infrastructure, the vast majority of recently-commissioned infrastructure projects in the capital do not prioritise climate adaptation in their plans.

In a database of the Chinese government, only three Beijing infrastructures projects were mentioned in the last five years in terms of "ecological resilient", while hundreds more tenders that mention "climate changes" are mostly research projects at Beijing's state scientific institutes.

According to Zhou, ecological resilience is a term that refers to such measures as restoring natural river banks, reducing concrete and other hard material use, and artificial landscaping as well as increasing biodiversity.

A top-level meeting on urban planning in July emphasized the importance of building "liveable and sustainable" cities.

Mid-July marks the start of northern China's wet season, but it began earlier this year than ever before. Several Beijing rivers also experienced their worst floods.

Official data revealed that the citywide rainfall for June and July was 75% higher than a year ago.

The director of China’s National Climate Center, who works for the state-owned China Newsweek newspaper, said that this is because of the "significant northward extension of China’s rain belt" since 2011, which has been linked to climate changes. This marks a shift to "multiple, sustainable, long-term cycles of rainfall" within the traditionally arid North.

'SPONGE CITIES'

China's policymakers took some steps to fight urban flooding. Since 2015, "Sponge City" projects are underway in China, which transform concrete-laden megacities into cities with hidden drainage infrastructure, such as permeable pavements, sunken rainfall gardens, and modernised sewer systems.

This concept originated in China and refers to the ability of a sponge to absorb rainwater, then release it.

Recent projects in Beijing include flood control pumps, riverside parks and manmade lakes.

Official data shows that China will spend more than 403,78 billion yuan (2.9 trillion yuan) in 2024 on infrastructure projects for "sponge cities".

The authorities aim to cover 80% of all urban areas by 2030. However, many provinces and large cities are still behind schedule.

According to a Chinese database of procurement tenders, in Beijing, this year has seen the start of new "sponge cities" worth at least 150 million yuan. Media reports claim that 38% of Beijing’s urban areas currently meet the "sponge-city" standards.

Experts say that such initiatives will not help Beijing's rural fringes, because of the mountainous terrain, which makes villages more vulnerable to secondary disasters, such as landslides, due to their location at the base of steep hillsides, and the lack emergency response infrastructure.

Yuan Yuan is Greenpeace East Asia’s climate and energy campaigner. She said that the current "sponge cities" standards were also based on historic precipitation data, and they are not equipped to handle extreme rainfall.

She added that future contingency plans should also include pre-emptive evacuations of residents, and improved early warning systems.

31 residents of an elderly nursing home in Miyun died during the recent Beijing flooding. The elderly residents were not included in evacuation plans, and they became trapped by the rising water.

Yuan stated that it was necessary to plan infrastructure in a rational way and to coordinate risk response plans, countermeasures and other measures to minimize future losses. Reporting by Laurie Chen, Editing by Kate Mayberry. $1 = 7.1813 Chinese Yuan Renminbi

(source: Reuters)