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Russell: The China crude storage conundrum sets a price floor and ceiling

Does China's crude oil stockpile have a positive or negative impact on the price of crude?

There is no easy answer, because much of the information that the market relies on is simply unavailable. This leads to speculation and uncertainty.

China doesn't disclose how much crude oil it stores in strategic and commercial reserves. It also doesn't state its ultimate goal for inventory.

The market must rely on anonymous sources in the Chinese oil industry to provide a steady drip of information. While useful, this is not definitive about what China, the largest crude buyer, is doing.

The number of barrels of crude oil that China has so far stored this year is estimated by many analysts, but the majority of them cite at least 500,000 bpd.

This number is consistent with the calculation of China's excess crude. The total volume of imports, domestic production, and refiners' processing are added together, then subtracted.

The official data doesn't include some volumes that are processed by small refineries and petrochemical facilities.

How has this affected market?

Brent crude oil futures, the global benchmark, have been relatively stable since April. They trade in a range of $65 per barrel, with a short spike during the conflict between Israel & Iran.

Prices would likely have been lower if China's demand for imports had consistently been 500,000 bpd less than it is.

China's stockpile has enabled the eight members of OPEC+, to reduce their voluntary reductions of around 2.5 million bpd. without crashing prices.

It is then a question of how much oil China will likely store in the coming years to reach its goal.

The results can vary.

The amount of oil China has in strategic and commercial stores is estimated to be between 800 million and 1.4 billion barrels.

The Chinese government has also been speculating about how much oil they want to store, and the highest estimate is around two billion barrels.

There is no consensus on the date by which they would like to complete the process. However, the consensus is 2028.

There are many possible outcomes depending on how you view their current reserves and where they hope to be.

This would mean that oil prices would rise if China wanted to add 1 billion barrels of storage over a period of three years.

If you assume that the country already has around 600 million barrels of oil in tanks, and only wants to add 600 millions more, this would amount to approximately 550,000 barrels per day over the next three year.

This level is around the current storage flow, and so does support oil prices but doesn't necessarily push them higher.

China is also known to be flexible when it comes to building up its crude oil inventories. It will buy more when the price of crude oil is reasonable, and pull back when prices are too high.

According to LSEG Oil Research, the September imports of oil fell to 10,83 million bpd, down from 11,66 million bpd during August.

The month of September was the weakest since February, and the decline in imports followed the spike in prices in June when Brent hit as high as $81.40 per barrel during the conflict between Israel and Iran.

The bulk of the cargoes arriving in September would have been planned during this period when prices were higher. It is likely that Chinese refiners opted to reduce their imports while they waited for lower prices to return.

China's oil stockpiles become a stabilising force for the price of crude.

China will increase its crude oil purchases if the prices remain relatively stable and low, providing a floor for the market. However, it will reduce imports if they rise, providing a ceiling.

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These are the views of the columnist, an author for.

(source: Reuters)